1937年以前在俄国沿海州的朝鲜人(三)

:1 91 7年在俄国二月革命形成的两个政权并存局面的影响下 ,在俄国远东地区的朝鲜族元户人和余户人分化成两个对立的阶级 ,各自建立政治团体。元户人建立的“全俄韩族会” ,倒向资产阶级临时政府。相反 ,在广大余户人和亲布尔什维克派的支持下 ,成立了“在俄韩人会”。十月革命胜利后 ,两派暂时合并 ,但各自保持不同的政见 ,左派主张以工农革命为主的社会主义革命 ,右派则坚持资产阶级民主主义革命。后来左派创立了朝鲜最初的社会主义政党———韩人社会党 ,两派虽一同在国民议会中 ,但推行的路线、方针是对立的。 1 92 0年 1月 ,苏联红军进驻海参崴后 ,朝鲜人反日运动高涨 ,韩人社会党左派骨干 ,筹建义勇军、“独立团”等军事组织。 1 91 9年 -1 92 2年在 4年内战期间 ,远东朝鲜族组织了 48支红色游击队 ,从黑龙江、后贝加尔地区到南乌苏里的波谢特地区打击日军和白军。他们英勇善战 ,屡建战功 ,为解放远东地区作出了巨大牺牲和不朽贡献     

Participation in formal and informal volunteering: Implications for volunteer recruitment

This study examines factors influencing “formal” volunteering (that is, to an organization) and “informal” volunteering (that is, volunteering carried out individually outside of an organizational context) and the relationship between these two activities. We hypothesize that formal and informal volunteering activities are positively interrelated but that they are shaped by different types of personal resources: involvement in social networks increases the likelihood of both types of volunteering, but human capital increases the likelihood of formal volunteering rather than informal. The bivariate probit regression results emanating from the Independent Sector's “Giving and Volunteering in the United States, 2001” survey are generally supportive of the hypotheses. The findings suggest that nonprofit and public organizations that involve volunteers consider the pool of informal volunteers as a fertile ground for recruitment and find ways to better utilize older Americans in formal volunteering. The results also suggest that volunteer recruitment through organizational membership may be an effective strategy.     

The role of technology in reconfiguring volunteer management in nonprofits in Hong Kong: Benefits and discontents

There is plenty of evidence demonstrating that volunteering generates benefits for individuals and society at large. However, the role of technology used in recruiting, managing, and retaining volunteers in nonprofits is underexplored in East Asia. Drawing from in‐depth interviews with representatives of eight nonprofits, we examine how technology reconfigured volunteer management in nonprofits, identify its limitations and shortcomings, and discuss strategies in which technology can be utilized to enhance the effectiveness of volunteer management. We found, through this study, that the use of technology reconfigured key aspects of volunteer management: improving recruitment by enlarging and diversifying the volunteer pool; enhancing precision and speed of volunteer matching; improving nonprofits’ ability to recruit professionals; and reducing overall administrative burden of volunteer management within these nonprofits. However, challenges in volunteer management resulting from technology uptake were also observed, including resistance among frontline staff to adopt technology, and volunteer accountability and quality assurance. Specifically, it was found through this study that the extent to which nonprofits are able to effectively utilize technology in volunteer management is contingent on how well volunteer managers are able to actualize the notion of capacity optimization, create a friendly volunteer environment, and build rapport with volunteers. Implications for enhancing organizational capacity in volunteer management vis‐à‐vis the role of technology in the third sector are further discussed.     

Affiliative Segregation of Outsiders from a Community: Bonding and Bridging Social Capital in Hachimori-cho, Japan

Abstract: Social capital makes cooperation possible even in situations of social dilemma. People develop bonding social capital when their network is dense. However, bonding social capital tends to make them look inward and to foster strong out-group hostility, which hinders the development of bridging social capital between groups. I investigated the possibility that bonding social capital may help develop bridging social capital from which all group members gain profits. Fieldwork was conducted in Hachimori-cho, Japan, where outsider Saru-Oiage volunteers are segregated from community residents. The volunteers have dense social networks and develop bonding social capital. They gain skills and take pride and responsibility in their actions from the bonding social capital, so that they can pursue the same interests as community residents, namely, expel monkeys from farmlands. Residents accept volunteers eagerly because they work well, and the existence of "good" outsiders contributes to the development of local identity. An affiliative relationship between volunteers and residents is maintained by the enormous efforts of the coordinators. Because the coordinators recently immigrated to Hachimori, they could understand the situations of outsiders as well as those of community residents, and they gain the most benefits from bridging social capital. These conditions were necessary for bridging social capital, or the cooperative relationship, between the two groups in Hachimori-cho.     

高校青年志愿者组织存在的问题及对策探讨——以四川省某高校为例

本文以作者的工作体验为基础,从组织行为学的角度分析了高校青年志愿者组织存在如下问题:志愿者的来源上,缺乏有效的甄别、选拔和确认程序;组织管理上,存在"行政化"倾向;组织目标设定上,存在追求社会效益的倾向;活动项目设置上,存在忽视学生专业训练的倾向;活动开展上,存在急功近利的倾向.在此基础上,提出了高校加强青年志愿者组织建设的对策措施:加强对志愿者身份的管理,建立一支相对稳定的志愿者队伍;建立柔性管理制度,加强对志愿者的技能培训,提高服务水平;实施志愿者活动项目化管理,建立志愿者服务活动的长效机制.     

网络志愿服务：互联网时代志愿服务的拓展和延伸

网络公共领域在提供主体资源、拓展发展空间、培育志愿精神三方面为志愿服务开拓和延伸了新的场域。从网络志愿组织的发生机制来看,网络志愿服务实质是自组织理论的充分展现。网络志愿服务的特点有凸显草根性,个人价值的实现程度更高;平等交互性,活动过程直接可视化;主体相互制衡,防止志愿服务异化。网络志愿服务要从混沌到有序,需要在健全网络志愿服务体制、精心打造网络志愿社区、培育稳定的网络志愿者队伍、加强网络志愿组织内外管理。     

非政府组织志愿者管理机制完善途径探索

志愿者是非政府组织中一个非常特殊的组成部分。他们在组织发展中起到非常重要的作用,但对志愿者的管理却和普通的员工管理有着很大的差异,这一点在现实中却一直没有得到应有重视。非政府组织志愿者管理中存在的主要问题有缺少严格的选拔程序和机制、没有给予志愿者足够的指导和培训和缺乏合理的激励机制。这些问题的存在,影响了志愿者更好的为组织做出贡献,而要从志愿者的选择、志愿者的指导与培训和志愿者的激励三个方面予以完善。     

The Emergent Organization: Improvisation and Order in Gulf Coast Disaster Relief

This article employs the interactionist concept of emergence to explore volunteer behavior in organizational settings after natural disasters. Through a several‐year ethnographic study of volunteer relief groups in the Post‐hurricane Gulf Coast, I examine how emergent social groups navigate situations where interactional norms, practices, and procedures are ambiguous, unclear, or in continual flux. Grassroots volunteer groups improvised organizational decision‐making and leadership structures to develop timely and appropriate responses to the post‐disaster environment. In particular, I focus on two distinct groups of volunteers whose response to these emergent interactional structures: improvisers embraced the ambiguity of group norms as an opportunity to innovate and express their creativity, whereas ritualists rejected the lack of structure and order characterized by the volunteer organizations.     

Strengthening Senior Tax Credit Programs in Massachusetts

Summary

In the last decade, property taxes have increased, creating a financial burden on senior homeowners. In Massachusetts, senior property tax credit programs have arisen to address this problem, as well as to provide cost-effective volunteer assistance for municipal departments, offer seniors meaningful work that otherwise would not have been attempted, and foster involvement in municipal government among seniors. The success of the programs in retaining senior homeowners in the community remains to be evaluated. Program specifics are detailed, policy options are considered, and recommendations are made to strengthen existing programs and assist replication.     

Ethnicity and Aging

No abstract available for this article.