城市废弃物资源化共生网络脆弱性影响机制——基于SCP与CAS融合的分析视角

在内外因素的交互干扰下,城市废弃物资源化共生网络表现得格外脆弱,探寻其脆弱性的理论内涵、影响因素及其作用机制是开展脆弱性治理的前提。借鉴复杂系统脆弱性理论,从能力和绩效两个角度解析其理论内涵,指出系统脆弱性在能力上可以用敏感性、适应性和恢复力予以刻画,在绩效上表现为增值性不强、共享性不足和生态性不佳。通过梳理国内外研究文献,从共生单元、网络结构、共生机制、网络氛围和环境不确定性5个维度提炼出脆弱性影响因素;以网络动态能力为结合点,将SCP（Structure Conduct Performance）和CAS（Complexity Adaptive System）两种理论有机融合,构建一个以共生单元素质、网络结构特征、共生机制属性、政策有效性为外因变量,以网络动态能力为中介变量,以网络脆弱性为结果变量,以网络氛围和环境不确定性为调节变量的理论框架。未来可利用大样本调查方法对该理论框架进行实证检验,探讨城市废弃物资源化共生网络脆弱性的形成机理。     

国际工程项目的脆弱性与政治风险的相关性研究

在分析国际工程政治风险形成机理的基础上,通过文献综述法识别22个国际工程项目的脆弱性影响因素,并采用因子分析法建立国际工程项目的脆弱性评价指标;通过问卷调查法获得134个国际工程项目的信息和政治风险损失,并采用TOPSIS法测量其工程项目的脆弱性,分析两者的相关性。结果表明:政治风险是工程项目外部干扰和系统脆弱性相互耦合的结果,在相同干扰度下,国际工程项目的脆弱性与风险损失存在显著正相关。国际承包商可以依据工程项目的脆弱评价指标以及脆弱性与政治风险的关系,不断改善和降低工程项目的脆弱性,从而更好地应对政治风险,并形成自身的竞争优势。     

自然灾害对农户贫困脆弱性影响研究——以云南禄劝县旱灾为例

农户贫困受自然灾害影响,而农户自身生计资产又能有效抵御这种灾害所带来的风险。针对西南地区2009年遭遇的60年未遇的严重旱情,在回顾相关文献基础上,以国家级民族扶贫重点县云南禄劝县为例,对自然灾害与农户贫困脆弱性的关系进行研究。从风险因素和抵御风险因素两方面对禄劝县各乡镇2009年旱情与农户贫困脆弱性进行因子分析,实证得出结论：禄劝县贫困脆弱度较高,保持水土,增加绿化面积和提高低保农户比重可以有效地抵御旱情风险、缓解贫困。     

The Social Vulnerability Scale for Older Adults: An Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analytic Study

The Social Vulnerability Scale (SVS), a 22-item informant report of vulnerability to exploitation and, in particular, financial exploitation of older adults, was administered to 266 respondents who assessed the social vulnerability of a significant other aged 50 years or over, either a person with dementia or other neurological condition (n?=?116), or a healthy adult (n?=?150). Exploratory factor analysis in the combined sample revealed a 15-item two-factor solution labeled gullibility and credulity. Stability in factor structure was established in an independent sample (n?=?123) using confirmatory factor analysis, and sound reliability (internal consistency) and validity (known-groups) were demonstrated. The SVS15 is a potentially useful instrument for assessing older adults' vulnerability to exploitation.     

Rethinking the Canon: Reflections on a Text That Ought to be Essential Reading

Abstract

The 2006 war in Lebanon that erupted between Hezbollah and Israel marked the largest evacuation of Americans abroad since World War II. This article captures the experiences of Lebanese-American women and investigates how gender identity was expressed during these evacuations. Presented from the point of view of a participant-observer and personal interviews, findings show that gender became a master identity that influenced these women's choices regarding how to escape the country and return to the United States. Some embraced dependency upon masculinist exercises of power while others claimed agency as they determined their own fate and carried out their own evacuation without waiting to be rescued by the state or male kin members. The evacuation stories in this article confirm and illuminate the complexity of ethnic citizenship and gendered agency.     

Minority Elder Maltreatment:

Comparison of 126 minority and 161 non-minority instances of elder maltreatment produces no compelling profile of differences, although there are implications for both study and practice. Within the minority subsample, differences in ethnic group, gender, age, and income provide some information. Hispanics have a less developed social support system, female-male distinctions focus on mortality rate and maltreatment type differences, the oldest old appear to differ from younger elder groups in several respects, and the poor may form a subgroup of isolates or loners.     

Using vulnerability performance indicators to attain food supply chain robustness

High effectiveness and leanness of modern supply chains (SCs) increase their vulnerability, i.e. susceptibility to disturbances reflected in non-robust SC performances. Both the SC management literature and SC professionals indicate the need for the development of SC vulnerability assessment tools. In this article, a new method for vulnerability assessment, the VULA method, is presented. The VULA method helps to identify how much a company would underperform on a specific Key Performance Indicator in the case of a disturbance, how often this would happen and how long it would last. It ultimately informs the decision about whether process redesign is appropriate and what kind of redesign strategies should be used in order to increase the SC's robustness. The applicability of the VULA method is demonstrated in the context of a meat SC using discrete-event simulation to conduct the performance analysis.     

VaR方法在外汇风险管理中的应用

外汇风险是一个开放型经济所必然要面对的问题,各国央行都把保持币值稳定作为其重要任务,涉外企业因外汇风险处置不当而蒙受巨大损失的事例屡见不鲜。无论是从宏观上还是从微观上,外汇风险都极大地影响着一国的经济状况。VaR方法是近年来国际上流行的一种新的风险防范技术,本文将介绍外汇风险产生的根源以及探讨利用VaR技术予以防范的办法。     

生态保护区移民搬迁对低收入农户脆弱性的影响

基于A县2014—2022年的面板数据,利用双向固定效应双重差分法探讨生态保护区移民搬迁对低收入农户脆弱性的影响。研究发现,搬迁总体显著降低了农户的脆弱性,降幅为2.2%。脆弱性分解和成因分析结果表明,与低脆弱农户和低波动农户相比,搬迁对高脆弱性农户和高波动性农户的正向影响分别降低了16.3%和13.0%。人力资本劣势导致这些农户较难适应搬迁后的劳动力市场,生计转型缓慢,从而脆弱性下降较为平缓。这一结论对政府有针对性地制定搬迁后的帮扶政策具有重要意义。