Care Diamonds and Welfare Regimes in East and South-East Asian Societies: Bridging Family and Welfare Sociology

This paper tries to bridge the micro-level analyses of social networks for "care" provision which have been conducted in the field of family sociology, and the macro-level framework on welfare mix which has been developed in the area of welfare sociology, because the options for creating social networks are given to individuals by society. A group of Asian researchers including the author have conducted comparative research on social networks for childcare and elderly care in six Asian societies, namely Korea, China, Taiwan, Thailand, Singapore, and Japan. To reexamine the results, the author draws diagrams of the care diamonds in each society for each type of care (childcare or elderly care) to show the balance between four sectors (the state, market, family and relatives, and the community) which determines the pattern of welfare mix. The most prevalent pattern in Asian societies today is the pattern with a large family and relatives sector and a large market sector. We can interpret it as a familistic welfare regime combined with liberalism. However, Japan alone shows a pattern close to pure familism because the development of the market sector is restricted by immigration policies prohibiting the employment of foreign domestic workers. Unlike other Asian societies which were exposed to the global market before the family could become a closed organization and marketization of care work took place easily, in Japan, where the modern family system had been established, both socialization and marketization of care work have stagnated.     

Understanding the social exclusion and stalled welfare of citizens with learning disabilities

Despite the UK’s recent history of promoting the social inclusion and equality of men and women with learning disabilities they remain a significantly disadvantaged group. Compared with their non‐disabled peers they are more likely to be unemployed, less likely to own their own homes and are at a significantly greater risk of physical and mental ill health. The first part of this paper discusses the welfare rights of citizens with learning disabilities in terms of New Labour’s welfare to work policies. The second part discusses the UK’s mixed welfare economy and its impact upon services for men and women with learning disabilities. The paper concludes by considering whether the social inclusion of men and women with learning disabilities can be promoted solely through policies that emphasise inclusion through work and the personalisation of welfare services.     

Perceived facilitators and barriers to saving among low-income youth

Asset-based social welfare programs focus on helping low- to moderate-income citizens to accumulate wealth in the form of homeownership, savings, small businesses, and higher education. Individual development accounts, savings accounts in which account holders’ deposits are matched, are a vehicle often used in these programs. In a national demonstration of individual development accounts for children (children's savings accounts), low-income youth were interviewed to learn what helped them to save and what made it difficult to save. We describe the young people's perceptions of these factors, and conclude with implications for policy and program design.     

中共抗日根据地的民主政治建设及其启示

抗日战争时期,中国共产党在根据地的政权建设中创立了“三三制”的民主政权模式。它不仅有效地保证了人民充分行使参与民主政治和共同管理民主政府的权利,而且调动了各阶级、各阶层的积极性,为巩固、建设根据地,夺取抗战胜利做出了重大贡献。这份珍贵的历史遗产对我们今天的社会主义民主政治建设仍有重要的启迪意义。     

市场经济条件下医德建设的主要问题

我国社会主义市场经济的改革不断深入,市场经济的观念深入人心,并逐渐渗透到社会的各个领域,医疗卫生行业也不例外。在新的经济形势下,医疗行业中医德医风的建设也迎来了新的挑战,并暴露出很多问题。本文将以社会主义市场经济对医德建设提出的新要求为出发点,探讨我国在医德建设过程中出现的与市场经济的发展相关的主要问题。     

浅谈我国企业战略性人力资源管理

为了提高我国企业人力资源管理水平,为企业管理者提供人力资源管理系统理论和战略性技术,文章从七个方面论述了企业战略性人力资源管理的内容,其中包括人才的补充与招聘、人才使用、绩效评估、奖励、薪酬与福利、员工关系和教育培训.     

强制保险能否提高保险市场效率

文章以社会福利为衡量保险市场效率的标准,分析实施强制保险是否有助于保险市场效率的提高。文章首先证明了在信息不对称的保险市场中存在着市场失灵现象;然后通过比较实施强制保险前后社会福利的差异,得出结论:实施强制保险有助于社会福利的改善,从而可以提高保险市场效率。     

国际贸易运输法强制性体制“内在逻辑体系”的合理性

从某种意义上看,强制性体制是国际贸易运输法特别是海上货物运输法的核心和特质。在＂海商法文化＂的维度下,基于对国际贸易运输法强制性体制价值论的＂内在逻辑体系＂和运输法体系的自足性分析,运输法强制性的＂二维价值结构＂的提出具有合理性。而在＂内在逻辑体系＂范畴上,特殊主义的强制性体制价值论,特别是＂内在逻辑体系＂意义上的运输法强制性体制,在诠释运输法某些制度的应然性、理解海上运输法的自足体系以及预示运输法发展趋向等方面具有一定的功用。     

Effects of Alternative Policies on Income Redistribution: Evidence from Brazil

Despite recent successes, Brazilian income (cash) transfer policies remain controversial, and alternative approaches to income redistribution are being actively considered. This article contributes to this debate, analysing the effects of several alternative policies for income redistribution in the Brazilian economy using a computable general equilibrium model. Simulations were conducted consistent with the following policies: direct transfer of income, reduction of taxes, and incentives to agricultural exports. The results suggest that transfer of income is the most effective in promoting redistribution of income, with a positive impact on the level of welfare of the poorest households.     

法律带来的是什么？——评《无需法律的秩序》

法律与秩序似乎存在着天然的联系,人们对二者之间的关系充满了＂想当然＂。《无需法律的秩序》打破了这种＂想当然＂,使人们看到一个无需法律的秩序,但这并不表明法律无用论。法律自有存在意义和必要,单纯的法律无用论和法律中心主义也许都需要批判。无需法律的秩序应当在法律力量中生存,而不会超出法律。