企业家激励报酬机制的决定因素与政策探析

本文通过企业家激励报酬决定因素及报酬特殊性的分析, 提出了我国企业家激励报酬的原则、政策及约束机制探析。     

企业家思辨

本文对不同学派的企业家观进行了分析 ,从管理学角度出发指出对企业家的分析应从企业 (企业维度 )、企业发展 (时间维度 )、企业家能力与企业发展的要求相匹配三个维度进行 ,只有那些具备与企业发展阶段相适应领导能力与管理能力的人才堪称企业家。     

公司企业家精神培育的系统理论假设模型及验证

企业家精神是企业永续发展的不竭动力。是21世纪推动一个国家经济发展最主要的动力之一。本文从微观角度出发,研究公司如何采取有效的措施促进公司企业家精神的培育,进而提高公司的经营业绩。笔者在国内外相关领域研究成果的基础上,提出了影响公司企业家精神培育的系统理论假设模型,并通过实证研究验证了假设模型。     

Social network and family business: Uncovering hybrid family firms

What does it mean for a private enterprise in China to be embedded in a family? Our purpose here is twofold: (1) use social network analysis to describe what it means for a firm to be embedded in a family, (2) reveal from the application a new kind of firm, not family, yet akin to family. Armed with data on a large probability sample of private enterprises — a third of which meet ownership and employment criteria of being family businesses — we uncover a category of “hybrid family firms” that look modern in the style of firms that exclude family, but operate socially in ways similar to family firms. Our conclusion from summary statistics on the sample is that there are no differences in average performance level or network advantage for the three categories of businesses: family firms, hybrid family firms, and family-excluded firms. The fact that CEOs of family firms and hybrid family firms more often turn to family as key business contacts is a fact about network composition that raises no question about network mechanisms. Whether the CEO turns to more or fewer family contacts, government help is more likely with stronger political connections, and business success and survival are more likely with a large, open network. That said, the look-modern, act-traditional hybrid family firms stand alone in prospering with a CEO embedded in a closed business network. Recognition of hybrid family firms adds to the literature’s illustrations of social network analysis used to distinguish types of businesses and business people, and extends the population of organizations within which governance and strategy are likely to be better understood when viewed through a family logic.     

网络与集群:温州企业家群体形成的机制分析

同历史上地域性企业家集群(商帮)类似,温州呈现了一种独有的企业家集群的现象.本文首先给出了温州企业家集群的整体描述,然后例举了三种典型的温州企业家集群.通过企业家集群和社会网络研究的综述,以及对温州企业家集群形成的历程分析,提出了五个基于社会网络理论的基本假设,认为温州企业家集群出现的主要原因在于“瓯文化”,“瓯文化”是温州企业家精神和企业家“干中学”才能形成的渊源.     

Let the countdown begin — Aging experiences of young adults in countdown blogs

This paper examines a particular blog phenomenon that has not yet received much attention: Countdown blogs which are written before a significant birthday (in this paper, it is the thirtieth birthday). The bloggers fill the remaining time, often a year, with the accomplishment of particular tasks, reflections on their lives or photo projects. In their blogs, the young adults demonstrate an age awareness that is often overlooked in aging studies. The paper argues that young adults use countdown blogs to cope with their aging experiences and, in doing so, they apply a particular economic rhetoric and emerge as entrepreneurs of themselves - an identity concept that Foucault presented in the late 1970s. Foucault, however, did not consider the themes of age as symbolic capital nor the marketing strategies that entrepreneurship of the self imply. In a close reading of a sample of twenty-one countdown blogs, the paper suggests new complexities in Foucault's concept. At the same time, it argues that young adults today have developed creative strategies in terms of multimedia projects and heightened self-scrutiny to cope with the finitude of time, the expectations of age-appropriate behavior and the coercions of neoliberal consumer culture.     

中日工业化初期企业家行为对技术引进的影响

企业家作为生产要素的组织者和“创造性地破坏均衡”的创新者，其行为影响一个国家的现代化进程。日本明治时期以武士为主体的企业家作为集武士的冒险和开拓精神、日本特色的儒家传统以及国家利益为最高目标的实业精神和近代科学技术于一身的阶层，在不断完善的产权制度的环境中，有力地推动了技术自立化的进程。中国的“虚拟企业家”身份的复杂性，使得他们要在买办、地主、绅士及官僚等角色中寻求平衡，他们选择“寻租”或“守成”，与中国社会的制度环境结合，使得中国的现代化进程尤其艰难和缓慢。     

Entrepreneurs and producers: Identities of Finnish farmers in 2001 and 2006

The farmers' role within the EU has recently been under reconstruction: in addition to primary agricultural production farmers should fulfil multiple functions such as maintaining the rural landscape, conserving nature and providing services. One essential feature of this new role is the demand for entrepreneurship. Farmers should be capable of competing in the worldwide, global agricultural market. They are also encouraged to diversify into business activities beyond agriculture. How do farmers see themselves in this situation? Is their self-perception compatible with this new reconstruction of the farming economy and the farmers' role? Research, thus far, seems to indicate that traditional or production oriented identities are still dominant among farmers. But there is also some evidence that new identities, such as the entrepreneurial identity, are emerging. In our study we are especially interested in how Finnish farmers have met the demand for adapting to the role of an entrepreneur. We approach the issue of the farmers' changing role from a social psychological perspective by utilizing the concept of identity. Our empirical evidence comes from two nation-wide postal questionnaire data sets, both containing samples from three subgroups: conventional farmers focusing solely on primary agricultural production, diversified farmers who also had other business besides agricultural production, and rural non-agricultural small-scale businesses. The results show that Finnish farmers do not experience “entrepreneur” as something distant from themselves and as not fitting in with their world of ideas, as the work of some researchers would depict. Instead, the majority of Finnish farmers, especially diversified farmers, conceive of themselves both as entrepreneurs and as producers.     

企业家社会网络资本的作用分析

社会网络理论是当今社会学领域中的热点问题之一,中国社会的特性决定了中国企业家的社会网络资源在其企业的运行中具有独特的作用。企业家的社会网络资源包括制度性资源、市场性资源、智能性资源、经验性资源。这些资源可以帮助企业家获得经济发展的重要资源支持,从而获得相对信息优势、利于企业技术创新,降低风险、节省交易费用。     

企业家人力资本的自我甄别与市场配置--企业家人力资本的理论模型及其涵义

以往的企业家理论主要集中在对企业家的行为特征进行研究.但是企业家理论的关键是企业家个体怎样向市场传递其企业家信息并被市场选择.张维迎博士提出的"个人财富--企业家能力"模型在此做了开拓性的研究,提出了个人财富是企业家能力信息的市场显示的原理,但在许多方面还需要讨论.本文在该模型基础上,通过引入企业家人力资本的概念,提出企业家的人力资本模型.这一模型把企业家的选择分为两个阶段企业家人力资本的积累和企业家人力资本的配置.在企业家人力资本积累过程中个体完成了企业家资格的自我甄别,其中个体的先天心理特质和制度环境起着重要作用.企业家人力资本的配置是企业家人力资本的市场甄别,即市场对个体传递的企业家人力资本信号--学历、经历与业绩、个人资本和社会资本--进行甄别,以发现"真正"企业家人力资本,并完成企业家人力资本的配置.其中个人财富只是一个重要信号,而不是唯一信号.