对浪漫主义的超越:约翰·济慈的美学历程

本文着重评述了济慈书信中体现的美学思考。这种思考贯穿着“美”与“真”的深刻矛盾,存在着一个主要倾向从“以美为真”到“以真为美”的转变过程,并包含了关于主体人格发展进程、关于“不如人意的因素”的处理、关于艺术家性格和关于审美心理特征等思想。济慈的美学追求是对浪漫主义内在矛盾的探索,具有值得重视的文学史和文化史意义。     

约翰·福尔斯小说中的“剧中剧”

约翰·福尔斯的小说《魔法师》和《法国中尉的女人》在结构上模仿了莎士比亚《暴风雨》的“剧中剧”设置。这种设置给小说中的人物提供了一个“寻找自我”的舞台，福尔斯借此探索了人的自我本质以及个体自由，表达了存在主义人文关怀的创作思想。     

杜威的五四观及其影响

杜威于五四运动爆发前夕应邀来华讲学,对五四运动的意义和存在的问题作出了理性的评价,对其未来走向给予了前瞻性引导,深刻地影响了五四运动的发展。杜威对五四运动中表现出来的感情色彩表示担忧,主张感情与理性相互配合。既反对一味的守旧,也反对盲目的趋新,提出中西文化折衷调和的主张。由于中国近代社会缺少和平建设的环境,也由于杜威自由主义实用哲学与马克思主义缺少理性的对话,杜威思想不可能承担起改造中国社会的历史责任。     

Using macro variables in program evaluation

This paper discusses the importance of using macro-level variables for program analysis. It is argued that three types of macro variables--cultural, economic, and demographic--provide a context for evaluation, and offer alternative explanations for the success or failure of a program. The problems of causality and availability of data are discussed. Macro variables are seen to be especially useful in "meta evaluation," and in integrating the results of specific program evaluations into general conclusions.     

The utilization of prevailing evaluation policy in the selection of performance measures

This study considers the problem of inferring a functional evaluation criterion from existing performance measure policies. The objective is to develop a rational basis by which to adaptively evaluate a current best set of performance measures from alternative sets. The analysis is based on a matrix approach for relating system characteristics to performance measures across a set of activities. A procedure for ranking measure combinations which are candidate implementation alternatives is devised using this matrix representation and cost information. An example illustrating the procedure is presented.     

杜威教师观的实质及其启示

杜威以类比的方式描述教师角色，表达了他希望通过教育实现社会民主的愿望，带有明显的宗教痕迹与理想主义色彩。杜威围绕其教师观的精髓——“教师是学生思维发展的领导者”——对教师这一支撑性角色做了不同表述，丰富了教师角色的多样性。但杜威将教育者与教师等同的理解方式，在某种程度上导致教师概念过度泛化，模糊了家庭、学校、社会不同场域的育人特征与方式。新时代下，要客观地把握杜威教师观的现实意义，秉持取其精华、去其糟粕的科学理性观点。     

约翰·费斯克研究概述

费斯克的大众文化理论对学界产生了重要影响。中西方学者对其理论众说纷纭,莫衷一是。清理费斯克的主要思想并介绍中西方学者对其做出的一些主要评价,有助于更好地认识其理论。     

Aesthetic matters: writing and Cultural Studies

What would it mean to treat Cultural Studies as a project that has had amongst its accomplishments the production of new forms and styles of writing, and a generative approach to aesthetics? An initial answer to this question would be that this would recognize how Cultural Studies interceded in an academic environment not only through its concern with supplying ambitious questions and insisting on a broad range of objects of scrutiny, but also by showing how this often entailed reconfiguring the forms through which intellectual inquiry conveyed its cargo. This article doesn’t seek to provide a taxonomy of Cultural Studies’ forms and styles; what it seeks to do is to encourage a self-reflexive attention to aesthetics within Cultural Studies as a form of practice. It suggests that there are two guiding questions that might frame such an attention: how might Cultural Studies generate forms that are adequate to the complexity of the configurations that it seeks to register; and how might Cultural Studies generate forms that could reach the ear of new audiences not attuned to the cadences of scholarly writing? The tension between these two questions should be seen as an invitation to purposeful experimentation within Cultural Studies.     

罗默与马克思剥削理论的比较分析

罗默是分析马克思主义学派的主要代表人物。他一方面认为马克思的思想至今依然具有强大的生命力,另一方面又彻底否定马克思剥削理论建立的基石——劳动价值论,并提出一种基于非劳动价值论的剥削理论。通过分析罗默剥削理论和马克思剥削理论在剥削存在的判断依据、剥削的源泉和目的、研究方法科学合理性以及剩余价值特殊表现形式四个方面的异同,指出罗默剥削理论既没有认识到剥削的本质,也没有充足理由驳倒马克思的劳动价值论。     

The success of protest groups: Multivariate analyses

This paper reviews earlier research and presents new analytical findings regarding the outcomes of social movements. Using the resource mobilization/management approach, empirical propositions that seek to explain protest group success or failure are tested. Based upon data gathered from a sample of 53 US protest groups, the causal models explained the majority of the variance in degree of success between these groups. Our findings indicate that protest groups which threaten to replace or destroy established groups are usually unsuccessful, and those having many strong alliances tend to be more successful than groups fighting alone. The use of violence does not greatly aid the prediction of group outcome because of the unpredictable, ambivalent reaction to violence by established groups.