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1.
In this essay, I argue that social scientists might usefully theorize age and embodiment as mutually constituting accomplishments. Material from interviews with 15 adults over 50 illustrates the utility of this theoretical framework and reveals four main dimensions of embodiment—activity, fitness, and health; energy; appearance; and ailments and illness—that respondents draw on as they consider what it means to be both embodied and aged (i.e., having an age). In addition, the interviews show how respondents make social comparisons and employ age-adjusted standards as they interpret their bodies, activities, and capabilities in relation to age. 相似文献
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Anthony G. Pakes Ravindra Khattree 《Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics》1992,34(2):307-322
A positive random variable X with a finite mean has an induced length-biased law represented by Y, and Y is stochastically larger than X. An independent uniform random contraction of Y, UY, has the same law as X if and only if the latter is exponential. This property is extended to non-uniform contractions and a more general notion of length-biasing. The distributional equality of X and W leads to a functional equation for the moment function of X, which has either Infinitely many solutions or none. When U is constant, X can have a log-normal law, but it can also have laws with the same moment sequence as this log-nod law. The case where U has a certain beta, or generalized beta, law give t3 characterizations of generalized gamma laws, or to products of independent copies of them. This occurs even when these laws are not determined by their moment sequences. 相似文献
4.
论人与自然的本原性和谐--自然之所以美的一个重要原因 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
周均平 《山东师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2002,47(4):28-31
以往的种种自然美理论 ,特别是“自然人化”说都程度不同地忽略了自然之所以美的一个重要原因 :人与自然的本原性和谐。它是人与自然的一种主要由血缘决定的自然而然、发自内心、不言自明、近似本能性的特殊的情感关系。“黄金时代”史前研究为其奠定了史前史的发生学基础 ,“归依体验”理论为其提供了审美心理学的印证 ,“回归自然”的主张和实际行动为其出具了历史实践证明 ,著名思想家的代表性论述为其积累了极富启迪的思想资料。 相似文献
5.
新时期高校学生的政治观探析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
邵国平 《浙江师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2002,27(3):71-74
本文着重分析了新时期高校学生政治观的具体表现 ,并就大学生政治观的形成与教育引导谈了粗浅的看法。 相似文献
6.
Risks from exposure to contaminated land are often assessed with the aid of mathematical models. The current probabilistic approach is a considerable improvement on previous deterministic risk assessment practices, in that it attempts to characterize uncertainty and variability. However, some inputs continue to be assigned as precise numbers, while others are characterized as precise probability distributions. Such precision is hard to justify, and we show in this article how rounding errors and distribution assumptions can affect an exposure assessment. The outcome of traditional deterministic point estimates and Monte Carlo simulations were compared to probability bounds analyses. Assigning all scalars as imprecise numbers (intervals prescribed by significant digits) added uncertainty to the deterministic point estimate of about one order of magnitude. Similarly, representing probability distributions as probability boxes added several orders of magnitude to the uncertainty of the probabilistic estimate. This indicates that the size of the uncertainty in such assessments is actually much greater than currently reported. The article suggests that full disclosure of the uncertainty may facilitate decision making in opening up a negotiation window. In the risk analysis process, it is also an ethical obligation to clarify the boundary between the scientific and social domains. 相似文献
7.
我国上市公司盈余管理行为的实证分析 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
我国证券市场存在较为严重的盈余管理现象.针对该现象,本文从盈余管理动机出发,分析我国上市公司盈余管理的行为特征.本文采用管理后盈余分布法,研究了我国上市公司2001年至2003年净资产收益率(ROE)的分布特征,发现我国上市公司仍然存在很强的盈余管理动机,而且我国上市公司盈余管理的行为受到政府监管的影响.最后,本文在实证研究的基础上提出了治理盈余管理的几点建议. 相似文献
8.
《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2012,82(3):217-232
Item response models are essential tools for analyzing results from many educational and psychological tests. Such models are used to quantify the probability of correct response as a function of unobserved examinee ability and other parameters explaining the difficulty and the discriminatory power of the questions in the test. Some of these models also incorporate a threshold parameter for the probability of the correct response to account for the effect of guessing the correct answer in multiple choice type tests. In this article we consider fitting of such models using the Gibbs sampler. A data augmentation method to analyze a normal-ogive model incorporating a threshold guessing parameter is introduced and compared with a Metropolis-Hastings sampling method. The proposed method is an order of magnitude more efficient than the existing method. Another objective of this paper is to develop Bayesian model choice techniques for model discrimination. A predictive approach based on a variant of the Bayes factor is used and compared with another decision theoretic method which minimizes an expected loss function on the predictive space. A classical model choice technique based on a modified likelihood ratio test statistic is shown as one component of the second criterion. As a consequence the Bayesian methods proposed in this paper are contrasted with the classical approach based on the likelihood ratio test. Several examples are given to illustrate the methods. 相似文献
9.
《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2012,82(1):41-56
In this paper the researchers are presenting an upper bound for the distribution function of quadratic forms in normal vector with mean zero and positive definite covariance matrix. They also will show that the new upper bound is more precise than the one introduced by Okamoto [4] and the one introduced by Siddiqui [5]. Theoretical Error bounds for both, the new and Okamoto upper bounds are derived in this paper. For larger number of terms in any given positive definite quadratic form, a rough and easier upper bound is suggested. 相似文献
10.
《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2012,82(2):119-124
The classic nonparametric confidence intervals for a difference or ratio of medians assume that the distributions of the response variable or the log-transformed response variable have identical shapes in each population. Asymptotic distribution-free confidence intervals for a difference and ratio of medians are proposed which do not require identically shaped distributions. The new asymptotic methods are easy to compute and simulation results show that they perform well in small samples. 相似文献