On the statistical computation of the sample multiple correlation moefficient

Based on the recursive formulas of Lee (1988) and Singh and Relyea (1992) for computing the noncentral F distribution, a numerical algorithm for evaluating the distributional values of the sample squared multiple correlation coefficient is proposed. The distributional function of this statistic is usually represented as an infinite weighted sum of the iterative form of incomplete beta integral. So an effective algorithm for the incomplete beta integral is crucial to the numerical evaluation of various distribution values. Let a and b denote two shape parameters shown in the incomplete beta integral and hence formed in the sampling distribution functionn be the sample size, and p be the number of random variates. Then both 2a = p - 1 and 2b = n - p are positive integers in sampling situations so that the proposed numerical procedures in this paper are greatly simplified by recursively formulating the incomplete beta integral. By doing this, it can jointly compute the distributional values of probability dens function (pdf) and cumulative distribution function (cdf) for which the distributional value of quantile can be more efficiently obtained by Newton's method. In addition, computer codes in C are developed for demonstration and performance evaluation. For the less precision required, the implemented method can achieve the exact value with respect to the jnite significant digit desired. In general, the numerical results are apparently better than those by various approximations and interpolations of Gurland and Asiribo (1991),Gurland and Milton (1970), and Lee (1971, 1972). When b = (1/2)(n -p) is an integer in particular, the finite series formulation of Gurland (1968) is used to evaluate the pdf/cdf values without truncation errors, which are served as the pivotal one. By setting the implemented codes with double precisions, the infinite series form of derived method can achieve the pivotal values for almost all cases under study. Related comparisons and illustrations are also presented     

Self-validated Computations for the Probabilities of the Central Bivariate Chi-square Distribution and a Bivariate F Distribution. This work partially supported by National Science Foundation grant DMS-9500831

Self-validated computations using interval analysis produce results with a guaranteed error bound. This article presents methods for self-validated computation of probabilities and percentile points of the bivariate chi-square distribution and a bivariate F distribution. For the computation of critical points (c ₁,c ₂) in the equation P(Y ₁ @ c ₁, Y ₂ ≤ c ₂) = 1 ? α, the case c ₁ = c ₂ is considered. A combination of interval secant and bisection algorithms is developed for finding enclosures of the percentile points of the distribution. Results are compared to previously published tables.     

Exact sample size determination in a weibull test plan when there is time censoring

Engineers who conduct reliability tests need to choose the sample size when designing a test plan. The model parameters and quantiles are the typical quantities of interest. The large-sample procedure relies on the property that the distribution of the t -like quantities is close to the standard normal in large samples. In this paper, we use a new procedure based on both simulation and asymptotic theory to determine the sample size for a test plan. Unlike the complete data case, the t -like quantities are not pivotal quantities in general when data are time censored. However we show that the distribution of the t -like quantities only depend on the expected proportion failing and obtain the distributions by simulation for both complete and time censoring case when data follow Weibull distribution. We find that the large-sample procedure usually underestimates the sample size even when it is said to be 200 or more. The sample size given by the proposed procedure insures the requested nominal accuracy and confidence of the estimation when the test plan results in complete or time censored data. Some useful figures displaying the required sample size for the new procedure are also presented.     

Malaysia's outward FDI: The effects of market size and government policy

This paper extends the empirical literature of Malaysia's outward FDI (OFDI) by considering the impact of foreign market size and home international reserves using multivariate cointegration and error-correction modeling techniques. The empirical results reveal that there is a positive long-run relationship between Malaysia's OFDI and its key determinants, viz. foreign market size, real effective exchange rate, international reserves and trade openness. The main findings suggest that apart from the market-seeking incentive and the adoption of outward-oriented policies, the Malaysian government could also encourage OFDI by implementing liberal policy on capital outflows. On the basis of these findings, we draw some policy implications for the country's economic development and the internationalization of Malaysian firms in the era of globalization.     

我国OFDI与产业结构优化互动关系研究——基于VAR模型的实证分析

对外直接投资一直以来都是我国融入世界经济的主要路径,在优化产业结构、转变经济发展模式方面扮演着重要的角色。文章首先阐释了对外直接投资优化国内产业结构的实现机制,之后选取1982—2012年我国对外直接投资存量、对外开放度、名义GNI及产业结构优化指标的相关数据,构建了VAR模型,并采用脉冲响应、方差分解和Granger检验等方法实证检验了我国对外直接投资与产业结构优化的互动关系。结果显示,我国对外直接投资与产业结构优化之间存在着长期均衡关系,并且在短期内两者呈现出相互促进的发展态势。     

基于MVC模式的模拟电梯模型的实现

本文使用MVC模式对电梯模型的状态、表示及控制逻辑进行分离,增加了程序了可维护性,可扩展性,使编程效率更高;在实现时采用了JAVA语言的Observer设计模式和事件处理机制。     

On Sharp Jensen's Inequality and Some Unusual Applications

The purpose of this article is two-fold. First, we find it very interesting to explore a kind of notion of optimality of the customary Jensen-bound among all Jensen-type bounds. Without this result, the customary Jensen-bound stood alone simply as just another bound. The proposed notion and the associated optimality are important given that in some situations the Jensen's inequality does leave us empty handed.

When it comes to highlighting Jensen's inequality, unfortunately only a handful of nearly routine applications continues to recycle time after time. Such encounters rarely produce any excitement. This article may change that outlook given its second underlying purpose, which is to introduce a variety of unusual applications of Jensen's inequality. The collection of our important and useful applications and their derivations are new.     

RCEP背景下中国对外直接投资在印尼的潜力和挑战

为推动中国与印尼经贸合作,加强“一带一路”倡议同印尼发展战略对接,发挥双方经济互补优势,通过文献阅读法和统计分析法梳理了印尼的投资环境、外来投资区位结构,中国对印尼直接投资的区位结构和海外园区分布;通过回归模型,分析投资环境对中国在印尼直接投资的影响,探索RCEP背景下中国在印尼直接投资面临的潜力和挑战。研究认为,中国在印尼的直接投资面临经济发展水平、投资便利度、政府影响和人力资源等因素共同影响着中国在印尼的对外直接投资规模;经济发展水平、投资便利度、政府影响、人力资源等投资环境是制约印尼吸引外国投资和发展经济的外在阻碍,行政管理体制是制约印尼经济发展的内在因素;如何处理好外来产业和本土产业的关系是印尼未来发展所面临的重大挑战。研究表明,中国和印尼要充分利用RCEP签署带来的巨大政策红利,利用好两国已有的合作机制和平台,鼓励中国企业积极对接相关产业合作园区,深度参与印尼海洋经济、食品制造、能源经济等重点产业的投资开发,形成较多互补性和较少竞争性的中印尼经贸关系,实现国家间政治、经济关系的飞跃发展,外贸与投资领域的新突破。     

拓展训练在人力资源开发中的作用分析

拓展训练作为体验式学习的形式之一，在提升员工素质、改进团队绩效，促进组织变革方面效果显著。应用于大学生的素质拓展对提高大学生的全面素质和社会适应能力有显著的效果。为了提高中国企业的竞争力，塑造中国企业的竞争优势，应用拓展训练进行人力资源开发具有重要的意义。