区块链技术下智能合约之于合同的新诠释

应用于交易领域的智能合约融入区块链技术,以代码形式表现,可实现合同履行的自动化和不可逆,超越了传统意义上的合同模式.自助行为说、代理说将智能合约视为对合同过程的外部增强,是侧面功能的法律阐释,并未完全捕捉到实质.智能合约并不一定跨越整个合同过程,也可仅是合同过程某个方面或某个阶段.法律意义上的智能合约不是合同新类型,而是合同关系形式的新发展,即当事人缔结和履行合同的新形式,合同性质未发生实质变化.智能合约满足特定要件构成特殊的书面形式,具有"书面形式+自动履行"功能的特质.民事主体通过智能合约形式订立合同应遵守《民法典》等现行法律的具体规则,以保证合同依法成立与生效.智能合约不等同于具有法律效力的合同,认定其效力应结合智能合约应用中的具体问题展开具体分析.从立法上确认智能合约,在符合国家现有法律、政策基础上编写和应用,实现形式的合法化、内容的规范化是该技术谋求长远发展的保障.技术起步的现阶段,纸质合同、一般电子合同与智能合约在不同方面发挥协作作用,会在未来一段时间内成为民事交往、商业交易的主要状态.     

加窗技术的改进证书吊销机制

分析了现有证书吊销机制在灵活性、可升级性和及时性中的缺陷,针对现有新型证书吊销机制,提出了一种结合加窗证书吊销和增量CRL机制的证书吊销机制。该机制结合传统CRL机制和在线证书状态机制的优点,既能满足不同的安全需求,又能有效减少资源开销,满足验证者的实时性证书验证请求。     

关于移动自组网自安全证书管理模型

对目前建立移动自组网信任模型的各种主流方案进行了分类和评述,重点阐述了自安全证书管理模型各种方案的优缺点,并指出了今后的研究方向.     

墓券与东汉民众的生死观念

东汉时期的世俗民众没有认识到人终有一死的本质特性,反而抗拒死亡,渴求长寿永生。当年寿久长的愿望破灭时,他们又深信异象生命自然会在幽界冥府绵延不绝。不过生者却刻意疏远逝者,直接把殁亡人遣送到彼岸世界,希求幽鬼永居墓穴,接受冥府行政官僚体制和宗族观念的管制和束缚,按照世人的要求和期望去经历冥府生活。     

区块链赋能灾疫治理的价值逻辑、实践路径及其伦理反思

近年来,作为新型网络底层架构技术的区块链已经开始应用于社会治理领域,为国家治理能力现代化提供了新的着力点。人类面对灾疫的实践活动既是社会非常状态下的治理活动,又是道德意志驱动的伦理实践。区块链技术因其具有多维价值特征与灾疫治理的伦理目标高度契合,有望为现有灾疫治理体系进行赋能。同时,作为一项新兴的技术手段和灾疫治理架构,区块链赋能灾疫治理的伦理风险在于其可能超越了治理活动的边界。因此,需要警惕区块链技术对灾疫治理可能存在的价值偏离。     

区块链与法律的互动:挑战、规制与融合

区块链技术的迅速崛起在刑法、合同法、数据保护法和公司法等多个法律领域对法律带来了挑战,对区块链技术进行适当的法律规制是必要且可行的,应当采取试验性监管、自我监管、共同监管、类型化监管等策略对区块链实施适度、科学的法律规制,实现技术创新和公共政策的双赢。与此同时,区块链技术也与法律发生着融合,其不仅可作为法律科技辅助法律的实施,还在一定程度上补充乃至替代传统法律。区块链与法律的深度融合使法律呈现代码化的趋势,将使传统法律发生颠覆性重构。     

The disenchantment of Bitcoin: unveiling the myth of a digital currency

Bitcoin and its peculiar, decentralized transaction system, have already ignited interest by professional and retail traders in search for profits and by economists and legal experts, looking for possible regulation to contain illegal uses. We instead examine the unexpected and ongoing success of Bitcoin from a sociological perspective, first questioning its unusual legitimation system, backed by the so called ‘blockchain technology’, instead of by governmental authorities. Then we collect data and elements to reconstruct Bitcoin’s history as a cryptocurrency, starting from the mysterious story surrounding its birth. We then follow its spread and development through social networks and words of mouth, together with its sudden booms and bursts, finally to suggest that both users and institutional regulators should be aware of the risks of Bitcoin and of its alleged power to challenge our very notion of money.     

国外票据市场的发展及对我国的启示

随着现代经济的发展 ,票据作为一种支付信用结算工具 ,其低风险、高流动性的短期投资和融资功能日益受到企业、商业银行及广大投资者的重视 ,各种票据逐渐成为企业短期融资、银行提高资产负债的流动性管理和风险管理、满足投资者短期投资需要的重要货币市场工具。分析和研究票据市场发展现状及其特点 ,对我国票据市场发展有积极的借鉴意义。     

海员适任和资格证书的比较分析

探讨海员适任证书和海员资格证书的区别和联系,追溯合并前国际劳工组织《2006综合海事劳工公约》3个公约关于海员适任和资格证书的获得和发证条件,通过比较与之相关的国际海事组织《1978年海员培训、发证和值班标准国际公约》和国内规定,发现存在的差别和侧重点。     

A framework for food supply chain digitalization: lessons from Thailand

Abstract

The promise of digitalization is enormous and nowhere is it more critical than in its potential to transform food supply chain. Consumers have become more educated and are demanding real-time updated information on foods they consumed through digital media. They are also increasingly demanding to know if the foods they consume are environmentally and socially sustainable or not. As a result, food product traceability, safety, and sustainability issues have become crucial concerns to food retailers, distributors, processors, and farmers. Digitalization allows food supply chains to be highly connected, efficient, and responsive to customer needs and regulation requirements. However, digitalizing a traditional food supply chain is challenging and resource demanding. This is more so for developing countries where moving food from farms to consumers can take months as it travels through an array of middlemen. Unfortunately, little is available in the existing literature on food supply chain digitalization. So far, current researchers mainly explore the benefits of digitalization. Using cases in three companies, this paper explores the practices, challenges, and opportunities faced by Thailand food manufacturers in digitalizing their food supply chains. A framework for food supply chain digitalization is proposed and its implications for research and practices are discussed.