试论邓小平的“唯民史观”

邓小平以其卓越的政治智慧和伟大人格,终其一生执著追求、倡导和践行的是一种以最广大人民群众的根本利益为主导的价值观,确立并形成了具有中国共产党人鲜明特色的"唯民史观"。这既是邓小平一生价值追求的永恒目标,也是他为我们党所规定和树立的核心价值观。     

我国农村民间金融发展问题探讨

农村民间金融在我国农村有其存在的客观必然性。农村民间金融的主要运行形式有:农村信用社(属于国有金融那部分除外)、农村合作基金、合会、民间借贷、私人钱庄、民间集资和小额信贷等。我国农村民间金融发展中存在不少问题,比如民间借贷的利率失控、农村民间金融潜伏着金融风险、容易产生经济纠纷、给国家宏观调控带来困难以及还难以得到法律的保护等。因此,规范和发展农村民间金融,应明确民间金融的地位,改善农村金融领域中二元结构的紧张与对立;将农村信用合作社改造成真正的民间金融;规范农村民间金融,将民间金融纳入金融监管范围;继续支持农村小额信贷机构发展;建立农村民间金触机构存款保险制度等等。     

Origins and destinies: Immigration to the United States since World War II

Contemporary immigration to the United States and the formation of new ethnic groups are the complex and unintended social consequences of the expansion of the nation to its post-World War II position of global hegemony. Immigrant communities in the United States today are related to a history of American military, political, economic, and cultural involvement and intervention in the sending countries, especially in Asia and the Caribbean Basin, and to the linkages that are formed in the process that open a variety of legal and illegal migration pathways. The 19.8 million foreign-born persons counted in the 1990 U.S. census formed the largest immigrant population in the world, though in relative terms, only 7.9% of the U.S. population was foreign-born, a lower proportion than earlier in this century. Today's immigrants are extraordinarily diverse, a reflection of polar-opposite types of migrations embedded in very different historical and structural contexts. Also, unlike the expanding economy that absorbed earlier flows from Europe, since the 1970s new immigrants have entered an hourglass economy with reduced opportunities for social mobility, particularly among the less educated, and new waves of refugees have entered a welfare state with expanded opportunities for public assistance. This paper seeks to make sense of the new diversity. A typology of contemporary immigrants is presented, and their patterns of settlement, their distinctive social and economic characteristics compared to major native-born racial-ethnic groups, and their different modes of incorporation in—and consequences for—American society are considered.     

刘庆邦小说的人文精神

市场经济在给文学带来新的机遇的同时也带来了巨大的挑战,一部分作家自觉投入商品化的浪潮,在对欲望的抒写中放弃了对生命意义的探寻,导致文学精神的全面失落。刘庆邦创作中强烈的底层意识,以对人的生存境遇的关注凸显了社会的责任和良知,在商业化的写作浪潮中树立起一面精神的旗帜。     

移民的陌生人意象:三个社会学传统

三个重要的社会学家齐美尔、舒茨和鲍曼先后以"陌生人"为核心概念建构讨论了这一群体,阐释"陌生人"的产生机制、表现形态、当地社会的反应及由此带来的困扰,这无疑为移民研究提供了新的理论视角。而这样的理论传统是以往的移民研究所忽视的,这在一定程度上导致移民研究缺乏更为一般意义上的理论思考,缺乏对流动性这一重大社会理论议题的回应,正是在这个意义上,重新审视这样的传统是有意义的。本文的目的是对三位社会学家关于"陌生人"的论断进行评述并检视这样的论述与中国移民研究的相关性。     

Acculturation and adaptation of first‐ and second‐generation South Asians in Hong Kong

This study investigates the experiences of psychological and sociocultural adaptation among 404 first‐ and second‐generation South Asian immigrants in Hong Kong. Results indicate that for first‐generation immigrants, lack of host language fluency, fewer contacts and friendships with host members, the strategy of marginalisation, and perceived discrimination are all related to higher psychological distress, lower self‐esteem and less competence in sociocultural adaptation. For second‐generation individuals, although they reported higher knowledge of the host language and higher preferences the for assimilation strategy, the levels of psychological distress were higher compared with the first‐generation group. An interesting finding of this study is the preference for the marginalisation strategy as opposed to the assimilation and/or separation strategy. The findings of this study highlight the importance of considering the unique experiences of the second generation in order to further our understanding of immigration and acculturation processes.     

Predictive factors of acculturation attitudes and social support among Asian immigrants in the USA

This study examines acculturation attitude and its relation to social support among Asian immigrants. The data were collected from 242 Korean, Indian and Filipino immigrants in the USA using the Acculturation Attitude Scale and the Social Support Index. Findings showed that Koreans had a less positive attitude toward acculturation than did Indian and Filipino participants. Acculturation attitude was positively correlated with educational level and English fluency. This study also found a negative correlation between acculturation attitude and social support. Social support from friends and English fluency were identified as significant predictor variables in determining the level of acculturation attitude. These findings not only contribute to social work education and practice, but also increase cultural sensitivity and awareness in working with these populations.     

哈尔滨:近代东亚犹太人最大的活动中心

:在近代 ,哈尔滨曾是东亚犹太人最大的聚居中心和宗教精神中心。犹太人在哈尔滨进行政治、宗教、经济和文化活动 ,对哈尔滨的经济繁荣、城市建设曾起过重要作用。目前在哈尔滨仍保存着一批犹太人档案、历史文献、建筑遗址及东亚最大的犹太墓地。保护和利用这一文化遗产 ,深入研究哈尔滨犹太人史和散居于世界各地的哈尔滨犹太人及其后裔的生活状况 ,有利于加强中国与以色列、中国与世界各国的犹太人的文化交流与经贸合作     

English proficiency in Australia, 1981 to 2016

Using Australian census data, the paper examines the incidence of poor English competency in Australia from 1981 onwards. The paper examines English competency in relation to various characteristics such as sex, age, language spoken, visa type, citizenship, duration of residence and location. It finds that there was a sharp rise in the numbers of people not speaking English well between the 2011 and 2016 Censuses and special attention is given to this rise in the paper. Recently, the Australian Government unsuccessfully legislated for the introduction of a requirement of English competency at the level of IELTS 6 (the commonly used university entrance level) as a condition for the award of Australian citizenship. The paper argues that this test would have led to a very large number of disenfranchised Australian permanent residents and this would be a highly undesirable result. Nevertheless, employment and social participation are strongly influenced by English competency and residents with poor English are disadvantaged. The policy suggestion is made that participation in a course of English language training for those without functional English skills could be made a precondition of the award of permanent residence—without the application of a passing grade.     

“Gone to work to America”: Irish step-migration through south Wales in the 1860s and 1870s

Why did the Irish-born population of Wales decline so sharply in the decade 1861–1870? This paper argues that during the 1850s and 1860s, large numbers of Irish men and women travelled to south Wales in order to finance emigration to the USA. Using the US Federal Census, this paper shows how Irish step-migration through Wales led principally to the Pennsylvania coalfields. This type of migration is termed the Knight’s-move: a sideways move from agriculture into heavy industry, in order to advance forward across the Atlantic. The Knight’s-move challenges previous assumptions about immigration into the south Wales coalfield during the nineteenth century.