Beyond Piketty: A new perspective on poverty and inequality in India

The socio-economic literature has focused much on how overall inequality in income distribution (frequently measured by the Gini coefficient) undermines the “trickle down” effect. In other words, the higher the inequality in the income distribution, the lower is the growth elasticity of poverty. However, with the publication of Piketty’s magnum opus (2014), and a subsequent study by Chancel and Piketty (2017) of evolution of income inequality in India since 1922, the focus has shifted to the income disparity between the richest 1% (or 0.01%) and the bottom 50%. Their central argument is that the rapid growth of income at the top end of millionaires and billionaires is a by-product of growth. The present study extends this argument by linking it to poverty indices in India. Based on the India Human Development Survey 2005–12 – a nationwide panel survey-we examine the links between poverty and income inequality, especially in the upper tail relative to the bottom 50%, state affluence (measured in per capita income) and their interaction or their joint effect. Another feature of our research is that we analyse their effects on the FGT class of poverty indices. The results are similar in as much as direction of association is concerned but the elasticities vary with the poverty index. The growth elasticities are negative and significant for all poverty indices. In all three cases, the disparity between the income share of the top 1% and share of the bottom 50% is associated with greater poverty. These elasticities are much higher than the (absolute) income elasticities except in the case of the poverty gap. The largest increase occurs in the poverty gap squared – a 1% greater income disparity is associated with a 1.24% higher value of this index. Thus the consequences of even a small increase in the income disparity are alarming for the poorest.     

对马尔可夫测度的研究

给出了马尔可夫测度定义，讨论了马尔可夫测度的一部分性质     

实现公有制与市场经济有效结合的四大层次

因所有制关系是生产关系的总和,所有制必须实现在社会生产再生产的过程之中,因此,我们必须从四大层次实现公有制与市场经济的有效结合。一是所有制结构层次。保持公有制主体地位是保证社会主义市场经济体制有效运作的基础,要大力发展多种所有制经济。二是公有制实现形式层次。更新公有制的微观实现形式,更新公有制的宏观实现形式。三是企业制度层次。建立国有资产出资人制度,合理配置股权,强化所有者约束功能,加强治理结构中的权利组织建设,建立权责分明的组织体系。四是社会剩余产品分配层次。按劳分配与按生产要素分配相结合是通过三个层次实现的:微观经济领域的运行层次,微观经济领域中的所有制结构层次,宏观经济运行层次。     

关联理论与汉语形式量词短语英译

文章运用关联理论交际观,以汉语散文名篇中特有的形式量词短语及其英译为研究对象,介绍了汉语特有的形式量词短语,并根据关联理论交际观,从翻译是传递信息意图和交际意图双重目的的认知交际活动的角度来解析散文中形式量词短语及其英译技巧。试图证明关联理论交际观能够指导译者过滤汉语中有文化特异性的语言形式,从而顺利传达出原文作者的交际意图。     

Inference for the measurement of poverty in the presence of a stochastic weighting variable

Empirical applications of poverty measurement often have to deal with a stochastic weighting variable such as household size. Within the framework of a bivariate distribution function defined over income and weight, I derive the limiting distributions of the decomposable poverty measures and of the ordinates of stochastic dominance curves. The poverty line is allowed to depend on the income distribution. It is shown how the results can be used to test hypotheses concerning changes in poverty. The inference procedures are briefly illustrated using Belgian data. An erratum to this article can be found at     

多目标半无限线性规划的对偶性

本文讨论了多目标半无限线性规划的对偶性，得到了几个重要结论。     

高校基本建设投资的有效控制

在高校基本建设的投资不断增加的前提下,文章通过4个方面的分析,探讨了有效控制基本建设投资的方法。     

The Measurement of Multidimensional Poverty

Many authors have insisted on the necessity of defining poverty as a multidimensional concept rather than relying on income or consumption expenditures per capita. Yet, not much has actually been done to include the various dimensions of deprivation into the practical definition and measurement of poverty. Existing attempts along that direction consist of aggregating various attributes into a single index through some arbitrary function and defining a poverty line and associated poverty measures on the basis of that index. This is merely redefining more generally the concept of poverty, which then essentially remains a one dimensional concept. The present paper suggests that an alternative way to take into account the multi-dimensionality of poverty is to specify a poverty line for each dimension of poverty and to consider that a person is poor if he/she falls below at least one of these various lines. The paper then explores how to combine these various poverty lines and associated one-dimensional gaps into multidimensional poverty measures. An application of these measures to the rural population in Brazil is also given with poverty defined on income and education.     

Towards Enhancement of the Economy of a Thermal Power Generating System through Prediction of Plant Efficiency

The plant ‘Heat Rate’ (HR) is a measure of overall efficiency of a thermal power generating system. It depends on a large number of factors, some of which are non-measurable, while data relating to others are seldom available and recorded. However, coal quality (expressed in terms of ‘effective heat value’ (EHV) as kcal/kg) transpires to be one of the important factors that influences HR values and data on EHV are available in any thermal power generating system. In the present work, we propose a prediction interval of the HR values on the basis of only EHV, keeping in mind that coal quality is one of the important (but not the only) factors that have a pronounced effect on the combustion process and hence on HR. The underlying theory borrows the idea of providing simultaneous confidence interval (SCI) to the coefficients of a p-th p(≥1) order autoregressive model (AR(p)). The theory has been substantiated with the help of real life data from a power utility (after suitable base and scale transformation of the data to maintain the confidentiality of the classified document). Scope for formulating strategies to enhance the economy of a thermal power generating system has also been explored.     

非拓扑孤子模型的相变特征与袋常数的温度依赖性

本文计算了在有限温度和密度下非拓扑孤子模型的有效势;得到了袋常数对温度和化学势的依赖关系;分析了禁闭解除相变的特征.结果表明:该模型的禁闭解除相变为一级;相变特征的分析表明有退禁闭相与禁闭相的两相共存.