农民市民化进程中农民与政府博弈问题初探

农民市民化是指农民向城市转移并逐渐转变为市民的一种过程和状态.农民市民化中的农民是富有理性并非常讲究实际的.在选择迁居城市成为市民或继续留在农村保持农民身份时,农民都表现出他们在约束条件下的理性选择.政府的政策导向通过影响农民的决策而在农民市民化进程中起着明显的推动或抑制作用.我们可以把农民市民化看成是政府和农民之间的一个上下博弈问题.最后的均衡是政府为农民市民化提供"吸引"性政策,让农民迁居城市转变为市民.     

论代理契约中决策方案的设计与选择

本文论述了以博奕关系简化复杂的代理关系,用必然等值评估代理人的优先选择曲线,根据代理人优先选择曲线的类型,分析代理人的风险态度,据以设计相应的激励方案的方法与过程.     

Examining the efficacy of the GameSense gambling prevention programme among university undergraduate students

This article describes a study assessing the effectiveness of a gambling prevention programme, GameSense, in modifying gambling cognitions and intentions among university undergraduate students of diverse ethnicities (N = 122). Although GameSense is a widely used intervention, the effectiveness in modifying gambling cognitions and behaviours has not yet been demonstrated. In the present study, randomly assigned treatment participants completed the programme and then played a gambling game in which they could win tokens for a desired prize. Control participants played the game but did not receive the prevention programme. At the end of the game, all participants completed measures assessing gambling cognitions, immediate and future gambling intentions, and their desire to continue gambling. Programme participants showed increased knowledge about gambling, increased resistance to gambling fallacies, and fewer immediate and future intentions to continue gambling regardless of how much they won or lost, compared to the no-treatment control group. The present results indicate that the GameSense programme is effective in altering cognitions about gambling and immediate and future intentions to continue gambling. Results are discussed in terms of the modification of gambling cognitions following completion of the intervention programme and the changes in future gambling behaviour as a consequence of those changed cognitions.     

当代农民的赌博娱乐观

主要从赌博娱乐观入手,通过访谈和问卷调查等形式,分析农村中出现的赌博现象与农民的娱乐观念有什么样的联系,进而分析了赌博娱乐观的特点和形成这一观念的主、客观因素,然后就如何改造传统的娱乐观念,重构新型的娱乐观念提出了几点建议。     

信誉机制在无公害蔬菜发展中的作用

本文通过分析因无公害蔬菜质量信息不对称、农民投机行为和不完善监督造成无公害蔬菜发展过程中的困境,着重阐述了重复博奕制度下的信誉机制在无公害蔬菜发展中的作用,并得出了相应的结论。     

从新功能主义理论角度看农村"赌码"现象

农村"赌码"的蔓延已严重干扰了农村经济的发展和部分农民的正常生活,本文从社会学中新功能主义理论角度分析了农村"赌码"的原因及其对社会的影响,并提出了控制"赌码"的一些对策.     

Utility of Gambling when Events are Valued: an Application of Inset Entropy

The present theory leads to a set of subjective weights such that the utility of an uncertain alternative (gamble) is partitioned into three terms involving those weights—a conventional subjectively weighted utility function over pure consequences, a subjectively weighted value function over events, and a subjectively weighted function of the subjective weights. Under several assumptions, this becomes one of several standard utility representations, plus a weighted value function over events, plus an entropy term of the weights. In the finitely additive case, the latter is the Shannon entropy; in all other cases it is entropy of degree not 1. The primary mathematical tool is the theory of inset entropy. The work of Luce and Marley was supported in part by National Science Foundation grant SES-0452756 to the University of California, Irvine, and by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada Discovery Grant 8124 to the University of Victoria for Marley. That of Ng was supported in part by the NSERC of Canada Discovery Grant 8212. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.     

基于激励视角的独立董事有效性博弈分析

我国上市公司法人治理结构不完善,公司的董事会和监事会受到担任公司决策者的大股东控制,导致董事会对经营者监督的缺失、董事会无法保护股东利益、公司资产大量流失等一系列问题,故引进英美法系国家的独立董事制度。文章从激励的角度通过建立博弈模型来定性阐述如何确保独立董事的有效性。     

Restructuring in family firms: Balancing family objectives and economic prosperity

This study analyzes the extent to which family firms adopt distinct restructuring strategies (employee downsizing, management dismissals, asset retrenchment, dividend cuts) in response to declining performance. We hypothesize that family firms select different restructuring strategies than non-family firms because of the mixed gamble between economic benefits and socioemotional wealth (SEW), and that this difference diminishes as the severity of decline increases. The hypotheses were tested with a sample of 357 decline incidences in 283 German firms between 2005 and 2018 and are largely confirmed; at low decline severity, family firms downsize and retrench less, but this tendency is reversed as the severity increases. They tend to cut dividends more strongly and are less willing to dismiss managers, irrespective of their decline severity.     

权力、资源、专业的互动博弈：政府购买服务中的政社关系研究

随着政府购买社工服务的逐步推进,政府与社会工作机构之间的互动关系变得直接、频繁、复杂而微妙.在项目场域中,政府与社会工作机构围绕资源、权力、专业展开持续的互动博弈.在此过程中,双方有着各自的行动逻辑,同时又倾向于“策略合作”.然而“策略合作”并不简单表现为合作,双方的利益取向及互动关系的动态性决定其策略合作的复杂性.其中资源的依附性使社工机构在策略合作中处于绝对的弱势地位,由此也影响了其专业性和发展的独立性.应通过政府购买机制的健全,实现政府与社工机构的双向建构,最终使二者建立起一种“独立中有合作”的“伙伴关系”.