Middle School Children's Perceptions on Welfare and Poverty: An Exploratory, Qualitative Study

This study was undertaken to determine how middle school children assess the effects of welfare reform on their daily lives. The study consisted of thirty interviews with children and their mothers recruited from a middle school in a large, metropolitan area. From the children's perspective, multiple jobs and evening/night hours interfered with the child-parent relationship. Other consequences included grades going down and not getting to school on time. All the children stated that mothers should work, but most children felt mothers should only work when their children are in school. Welfare and poverty were issues about which children were teased at school.     

The University: An Agent of Social Change?

Can universities be agents of progressive social change? How would we know if a university was acting as an agent of social change? Drawing on four case studies, I raise a number of questions to problematize our understanding of the university as an agent of social change. I outline a number of contributing factors that appear to explain successful cases. I conclude by arguing the relevancy of these cases for larger, and more traditional, sociological projects.     

论破窗理论对高校班级管理的启示

班级管理在大学教育中的作用十分重要。从破窗理论出发．明确了班级环境在班级建设与发展中的重要地位，论述了班级中潜抑力量与压抑力量转化的意义，在此基础上进一步提出，要从加强日常管理、形成良性反馈机制、处理好突发事件三个方面预防“破窗现象”，并针对破窗理论的运用提出了建议。     

论校报独特的思想政治教育优势

高校校报在进行大学生思想政治教育方面具有独特的优势，面对日益变化的国际国内形势，高校校报要充分发挥校报自身的特点和优势，进一步推动高校思想政治教育工作的发展，需要从以下几方面努力：一是加强工作制度和工作机制建设；二是扬长避短出精品；三是与时俱进拓展功能。     

Living Arrangements, Employment Status, and the Economic Well-Being of Mothers: Evidence from Brazil, Chile, and the U.S

Using data from Brazil, Chile, and the U.S., we estimate country specific models of household income that characterize mothers according to their marital status, living arrangement, and employment status. We assess the predicted economic well-being of each type of mother relative to a benchmark of married mothers in the same country, and at various points in the income distribution. We find dramatic cross-country differences in the distribution of mothers across categories, but few differences in each type's relative economic status. In all three countries and at all points in the income distribution, mothers who are the only adults in their households have the lowest levels of predicted income, while married mothers—followed closely by cohabitors—have the highest levels.     

大学研究院管理体制与运行机制创新研究

创新大学研究院管理体制和运行机制，对于推动大学知识和科技创新、加速科技成果产业化和社会化具有重要作用。为此，大学研究院在管理体制方面要实行理事会领导下的院长负责制和虚实结合的矩阵式组织模式。在运行机制方面应建立稳定有力的政策支持体系和科学民主的战略决策制度，建立以团队合作为主的科研队伍体系，建立以竞争为核心的人员聘用体系，建立科学的业绩考评和高效的人才激励制度，建立长效完备的投资渠道，建立积极有效的成果转化机制。     

Equal opportunities,true options or hidden unemployment? A comparative perspective on labour‐market marginality

Previous studies have shown that women generally adjust to unemployment better than men. This study shows that young women value work equally as highly as men, and have negative feelings when unemployed, which indicates the existence of a closed gender gap. However, children have a different influence on men's and women's unemployment experiences. Being a parent increases job-search activity and work involvement among men. On the other hand, children moderate negative experiences of unemployment among women, and they decrease their job-search activity and work involvement. Being a parent increases labour-market marginality among young unemployed women. For young men it is a motivational factor for searching for and getting a job. The comparison shows furthermore that patterns of re-employment vary in the involved countries: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Scotland. They reflect differences in the overall unemployment situation in the countries and the welfare strategies applied.     

The transition to parenthood in Puerto Rico: Occupational status and the timing of first births

This study examines the relationship between occupational status and fertility timing during a period of rapid development in Puerto Rico. Our fundamental hypothesis is that women with higher status occupations face greater opportunity costs than those with less valued jobs and therefore will be more likely to postpone parenthood until later ages than women without such high costs. We test this hypothesis using event history techniques with data from the 1982 Puerto Rico Fertility and Family Planning Assessment, an island-wide survey of women between the ages of 15 and 49. The analysis examines the effects of occupational status on the timing of first births, and finds strong support for the basic hypothesis, especially regarding the post-ponement of teen births. After the teen years, the effects are less pronounced. Overall, it appears that employment opportunities have played an important role in childbearing decisions in Puerto Rico.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the Population Association of America, Denver, Colorado, 30 April–2 May 1992.     

大学文化建设探析

党的十七大把“加强文化建设，明显提高全民族文明素质”作为全面建设小康社会的新要求，发出“兴起社会主义文化建设新高潮”的号召。大学是传承、创新、引领文化的重要基地，理应在提升国家文化软实力方面发挥重要作用。文章针对存在对大学文化的模糊认识，对大学文化的若干要素，以及建设大学文化的原则要求等作了初步的分析和思考。     

完全学分制下高校辅导员建设

学分制是目前倍受关注的全国高等教育改革热点之一,它的建立和完善在我国高校的改革与发展中具有重要意义,对高校辅导员的工作提出了更加严峻的挑战。