Altruistic and Vicarious Fear of Crime: Fear for Others and Gendered Social Roles

Fear for others as distinct from personal fear is an understudied phenomenon. Relying on qualitative data, this paper explores gender differences in fear for others and identifies differences linked to social roles. For men, a paternal protector role characterized fears expressed mostly for their wives. For women, a maternal caretaker role characterized fears expressed for their children, elderly parents, and siblings. This paper offers a new way to conceptualize fear for others based on making distinctions between the object of fear and active or nonactive responses: kinship-based altruistic fear, kinship-based vicarious fear, general altruistic fear, and general vicarious fear.

Toward a Descriptive Model of Humanitarian Assistance Coordination

This paper argues that the operating environment of humanitarian assistance is best conceived as an interorganizational social network or regime and that the problem of power and authority in such situations must be re-founded or reconceived accordingly. This contention is developed to contribute to an important ongoing dialogue among analysts concerning how humanitarian aid may most effectively be delivered in the context of a realistic appraisal of the structural and operating conditions in which it is offered. The paper first outlines the primary elements of the organizational environment in which humanitarian efforts must proceed, next suggests a way of thinking about how one might conceive of those conditions that builds on recent work, and then sketches the elements of a strategic contingency approach to the humanitarian assistance coordination dilemma. This analytical frame leads one to rethink assumptions concerning how best to conceptualize both the environment and the behavior of humanitarian organizations engaged in providing assistance in emergency situations and to suggest that theory building for this domain of study should now turn to a network-based and strategically contingent perspective for its foundation.

企业间合作的经济学研究框架

近年来,企业间的各种合作形态一直是企业理论、产业组织理论以及新制度经济学研究的重点。在对传统的市场和企业“两分法”的批评中,人们不断用新的研究范式来弥补两分法的中间地带。但是这些范式有很多混乱、雷同和牵强的地方。以交易成本经济学为基础,在关系性缔约的框架下,研究交易的治理结构以及产业的效率特征,是一个研究企业间联盟、供应链等企业间合作现象的合理框架。     

学术必须在批评与争鸣之中发展——评《汕头大学学报》“学术批评与争鸣”专栏

《汕头大学学报·人文社会科学版》从2003年开始设立了“学术批评与争鸣”专栏,三年以来对于哲学、社会科学、人文科学的一些前沿问题、热点问题、有争议的问题展开了比较广泛、深入、热烈的讨论,有力地促进了中国当代学术的发展。事实表明,学术必须在批评与争鸣之中发展。中国当代学术,必须批评各种各样的不正确观点和理论,批判地吸收和借鉴西方现代和后现代的思想观点,论争清楚各种概念、范畴、观点、方法、体系,才可能得到科学的发展。     

虚拟企业核心竞争机制中的战略行为关系

战略行为关系概念最早是由美国人简·霍普兰德和管理学家罗杰·奈格尔提出的[’〕。之后有不少学者也对战略行为关系进行了研究:1984年,van de ven和walke:从权力一依赖理论[2〕、1955年,迈克尔·波特从价值链的角度[’〕、1985年,wil- liamson和Oliver从以“交易成本”为基     

Leveraging Open Innovation Using Intermediary Networks

Open innovation, fuelled by the rise of the Internet, has made it feasible and cheaper for firms to open themselves up to a wide range of external sources of innovative ideas. The explosive growth of open innovation intermediary networks, such as InnoCentive or Linked‐in, enables the rapid pairing of firms seeking knowledge to address a wide range of business challenges (seekers) with other firms or individuals who already have relevant knowledge (solvers or knowledge brokers). These intermediary networks allow procurement departments to source codified and un‐codified knowledge from firms or individuals outside their traditional supplier networks using one‐off transactional relationships. Although sourcing ideas in this way theoretically poses problems for knowledge search and transfer, we have found that companies can draw on processes and integration mechanisms developed by procurement and design engineering to develop effective organizational learning routines. These routines are strategically vital to source new ideas through open innovation using intermediary networks and create competitive advantage.     

如何提高巧实力和整体外交能力——基于机会成本和边际效应的视角

国际政治中对于权力内涵的认识是一个不断演进的过程,从国家实力到硬实力、软实力,再到巧实力。这不仅反映了国际体系的变化和发展,也意味着一国整体外交能力建设应该不断纳入新的因素。但如何优化组合这些因素,以提升一国的巧实力和整体外交能力,目前尚缺乏明确的原则。经济学中的机会成本和边际效应,包括消费的边际效用递减效应和生产要素投入边际产出递减效应等视角,可以在确定外部挑战和机遇、加强整体外交能力的软硬实力基础,以及提升巧实力方面发挥重要指导作用。     

公司治理结构中的代理成本与审计独立性的相关性研究

本文从"提高审计独立性对代理成本的影响"和"代理成本的高低对审计独立性的影响"两个角度,对代理成本与审计独立性的相关性进行了理论分析,认为代理成本与审计独立性具有正相关性,并将这一结论作为研究假设,提出了建立数学模型对两者的相关性进行实证研究的思路。文章认为,要提高审计独立性将会导致公司代理成本的相应提高,反之,代理成本越高,被审单位从其自身利益出发,必然要提高审计独立性。     

中国农业贸易政策调整与比较优势变动研究——加入WTO十年以来

以加入WTO十年中国农业贸易政策调整为背景,利用1995～2011年数据系统测算了加入WTO十年中国农业贸易政策组合调整的分类农产品和农产品整体效果,并采用显示性比较优势指数、国内资源成本系数、有效保护率、新要素贸易条件等指标构建了中国农业比较优势变动的科学评价体系。研究结果表明加入WTO十年中国农业贸易政策限制效果显著降低,现有农业贸易政策组合可以形成合理、有效保护;不同农产品比较优势变化明显,中国农业生产贸易格局基本上遵循了比较优势原则;今后在挖掘和提升中国农业生产贸易整体的比较优势时,依据变动中的比较优势对不同种类农产品应当有不同的侧重点。     

德沃金法律解释理论的独到之处--基于文学的法律视角

文学是德沃金法律解释理论的灵感来源。他洞察到法律与文学同属解释性概念这一范畴并因此具有高度的相似性。通过拿法律与连环小说作类比,德沃金提出法律之链这个概念工具。该概念工具提供给我们一种方法去分析法官对待法律史的方式,使我们看到法官在裁判新案件时为何必须保持与过去相一致。它形象地阐述了法律解释的必要性和目的导向性。它使德沃金得以说明符合维度和证成维度是如何在法律解释活动中相互结合的。然而,拿法律与文学作类比这一做法也遭到诸多质疑。