P.2979号敦煌文书所反映的唐前期乡里组织

唐代前期,乡里组织作为县以上政权的辅助机构仍然发挥着重要作用,尤其在“上承下达”,直接管理农民,维护乡里社会的安定等方面。然囿于相关史料记载较少,很难考察其具体真实的情况。所幸敦煌文书的出土,弥补了这一遗憾。通过对P.2979号文书的研究,可以发现,唐代前期,乡里组织,尤其是里正,的确在乡里社会的管理中发挥重要作用,而且其与上级官吏、农民以及地方乡绅的关系也具有复杂性与矛盾性的一面。本文再度考察P.2979号敦煌文书,以此增进对其时乡里组织实际运行的认识。     

从赵均刻本编目体例探窥《玉台新咏》古本之遗

本文对《玉台新咏》赵均刻本的编目实况进行细致考察,发现其卷首目录的编辑体例包括[作者名＋诗题或诗类名＋总篇数]和[作者名＋总篇数]两种格式,前者属于中古时期习用的体例,具有相当明显的时代性;其正文编目体例包括“题附辞后”和“题置辞前”两种格式,其中“题附辞后”的编目格式以及双重编目格式并存一书的现象至唐以后已属罕见。较之五云溪馆本和冯班抄本,赵均刻本更多的保留了徐陵旧本原始痕迹,当为目前最可靠的覆宋本。     

军队在"罗马化"过程中的作用

罗马军队是传播罗马文明的重要载体,对推动行省和边界地区的罗马化起到了直接或间接的作用。在此过程中,军队需求成为刺激行省地区经济发展和繁荣的一个重要因素,也是行省和蛮族士兵罗马化的一个重要媒介。在城市化运动中,罗马军队发挥了重要作用。     

Analysis of child labour in Peru and Pakistan: A comparative study

This paper analyses child labour participation and its key determinants using data sets from Peru and Pakistan. The results include tests of the ‘Luxury’ and ‘Substitution’ hypotheses that play key roles in recent studies on child labour and child schooling. The results reject both hypotheses in the context of child labour in Pakistan and suggest that income and related variables do not have the expected negative effect on children's work input. Rising wages of adult female labour in Pakistan, and falling adult male wage in Peru lead to increased participation of children in the labour market. The results on the combined country data formally establish the presence of strong individual country effects in the estimated regressions. For example, ceteris paribus, a Peruvian child is more likely to experience schooling than a Pakistani child. However, both countries agree on the positive role that adult female education and infrastructure investment in basic amenities can play in discouraging child labour and encouraging child schooling. Received: 24 August 1998/Accepted: 10 March 1999     

Personal income taxation under mobility, exogenous and endogenous welfare weights, and asymmetric information

This paper analyses how governments should tax labour income accruing to a group of highly skilled and geographically mobile individuals who divide their time or career between several jurisdictions. The analysis differs from previous models on migration and taxation by addressing optimal regulation when agents work for several principals. Optimal taxation is developed for social welfare functions with exogenous and endogenous welfare weights. Marginal income taxes are applied for screening purposes, and the rates are lower with endogenous than with exogenous welfare weights. Received: 22 January 1998/Accepted: 3 July 1999)     

How publics’ active and passive communicative behaviors affect their tornado responses: An integration of STOPS and SMCC

During imminent threat crises, such as natural disasters, publics have minutes to decide how to respond after receiving a warning. This study advances understanding of publics’ crisis communicative and noncommunicative behaviors in the context of tornadoes through combining and extending two theories: the social-mediated crisis communication (SMCC) model and the situational theory of problem solving (STOPS). Findings from a survey of Southeast U.S. residents (n = 1,585) indicate that STOPS is internally consistent and accurate at measuring its intended outcomes of communicative action in problem solving. However, the STOPS measures do not have a significant relationship with the desirable outcome for imminent threat crisis communication: individuals following government’s protective action guidance about tornadoes. In comparison, the expanded SMCC model predicts individuals’ self-reported compliance. Finally, variables from the SMCC model and tornado-specific variables were integrated into the STOPS model to explain individuals’ communicative engagement. Implications for theory and public relations practice are discussed.