Can better parenting be achieved through short prevention programs? The challenge of universal prevention through Strengthening Families Program 11–14

With the increase in substance use by young people in recent years' there has been a growth in evidence‐based programs aimed at preventing this problem. This study aims to assess possible changes in family and parental dynamics among families taking part in a short (6‐session) universal program. These changes might act as protective factors for families in preventing substance use. A quasi‐experimental design was used' with pretest and posttest evaluations. The participating schools meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. The sample was made up of 16 experimental groups and 17 control groups' with the participation of 353 parents and 289 youths. The results confirm the strengthening of the families by improving the following key components of parenting: resilience' involvement' family conflicts' and positive parenting. Reinforcing parenting skills through a short program is a good strategy to take' ensuring high levels of adherence (86.40% retention of the initial sample). Hence future universal prevention programs must not just set their sights on high levels of effectiveness' but also on efficiency.     

高校德育工作“八化”

德育是学校教育的重要组成部分。搞好高校德育工作 ,须做到“八化” ,即 ,强化德育观念、细化德育目标、精化德育内容、活化德育形式、优化德育队伍、美化德育环境、量化德育考核、硬化德育制度     

数字式有效值多用表的设计

本设计可测量电压有效值、电流有效值、有功功率、无功功率、功率因数、电压基波及总谐波的有效值等一系列参数 ;采用 89C52单片机作为控制和运算的核心 ,充分利用其内部的 8KB代码存贮器和 2 56B的数据存贮器来进行数据的实时采样与处理 ;外围使用 1 2位的A D芯片可使测量精度高 ;利用数字电位器实现增益自动控制 ,从而满足各种大小量值的测量精度     

Economies of sacrifice: Recognition,monadism, and alien‐ation∗

Abstract

‘Economies of Sacrifice’ compares Girard's (1987) Hegelian inter‐dividualism to the Cartesian notion of the cogito and the Freudian theory of the unconscious in order to show how the monadic identity position violates the communicative balance of the self‐other bind. By looking at how both these thinkers constitute an identity category through the concept of sacrifice, the paper refers to the Girardian (1986) and Bataillean (1990) theories of violence and recognition in search of an alternative stance that may provide a more balanced view of human sociability. With regard to Bataille's theory of radical difference we can see how the idea which seeks to attack monadic individualism by destroying all identity advocates a principle of amoralism which views equality as ‘the generalisation of expendability’. As such, through reference to the work of Goux (1998) and O'Neill (2000) the article shows how the Bataillean thesis may pre‐empt the emergence of the post‐modern political economy. In light of this realisation the paper looks beyond both the Bataillean attempt to collapse identity, by exposing humanity to the total violence of the state of nature/post‐modern economic system, and the solipsistic theories of Descartes and Freud, which emphasis the centrality of the self at the cost of an acceptance of otherness, and towards Girard's theory of social justice as a communicative attempt to re‐state the importance of Hegelian recognition and human sociability.     

“女汉子”说略

“女汉子”一词的形成是语义、语法、语用综合作用的结果。语义上，“汉子”在近现代常见语例中常指性格坚毅、豪爽、大气的男性，语义凸显的是性格特征，性格特征义素强化和性别特征义素弱化为“女汉子”的产生提供了基础。语法上，偏正式合成词“女X”的存在为“女汉子”的产生提供了可能，而“X汉子”结构直接为“女汉子”提供了可以类推的格式参照，“女汉子”正是在词形类推的机制下组合而成的偏正格式。语用上，因其词形上直接的性别冲突，具有新异的修辞效果，内容上概括了爽直独立的一类女性，故广受关注，使用频率颇高。     

Acquired immunity: immunosenescence and physical activity

Several lines of evidence indicate that infectious diseases, cancer, and autoimmune disorders occur more frequently in elderly people, thus suggesting that altered function of immune organs and cells, such as thymus and T and B lymphocytes are of primary importance in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Furthermore, old subjects are less responsive to vaccine than younger because of immune changes. The most common changes accompanying the adaptive immune system include decrement of T and B cells proliferation, repertoire degeneracy, increase of the memory cell type, decreased numbers of naive cells, and shift from T helper₁ (Th1) to T helper₂ (Th2) response. Regular exercise in the elderly may improve the alterations in acquired immunity which follow the physiological process of aging, allowing a major resistance against external pathogens and a better quality of life.     

Moderater methodologischer Holismus

Zusammenfassung Der Aufsatz nimmt eine undeutlich gebliebene anti-reduktionistische Tendenz der Weberschen Soziologie auf, Handlungs- und Ordnungsebene gleichberechtigt nebeneinander zu stellen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird vorgeschlagen, die methodologische Position eines moderaten Holismus als ad?quaten Standpunkt für das Weber-Paradigma anzunehmen. Er verbindet eine Ontologie begrenzt holistischen Charakters mit dem individualistischen Makro-Mikro-Makro-Modell der Erkl?rung, das sich aber im Detail von dem Modell in der Version Hartmut Essers unterscheidet. Der moderate methodologische Holismus wird von drei anderen methodologischen Positionen auf der Grundlage neuerer emergenztheoretischer überlegungen unterschieden und am Beispiel der Protestantischen Ethik und der Weberschen Herrschaftssoziologie als Hintergrund eines ad?quaten Erkl?rungsmodells vorgestellt. Weiterhin wird demonstriert, dass jede Handlungstheorie im Sinne Webers mit dem Prinzip „Gründe als Ursachen“ eine holistische Grundorientierung besitzt, die konsequenter Weise auf der Ordnungsebene nicht auβer Kraft gesetzt werden sollte. Diese Version des Weber-Paradigmas hat eine ontologisch begründete N?he zu einer historisch und empirisch ausgerichteten Soziologie.      

The love bug and the melancholic drag queen or a reflection on the cultural/political “grounds” of subjects as sexual

The notion of the subject and its formation has long been at the centre of discussion in critical theory. Identity discourse constructed a passive subject made up of qualities such us gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity and age. Poststructuralist thought on the other hand invested its critical mind in producing a mobile subject, one that is both the product and the producer of practices, power and processes. While identity discourse put qualities such as “sex” at the centre of its analysis of subject formation and produced a sexual subject, poststructuralist thought emphasised “bodies and pleasure” and produced the subject as sexual. This article addresses the formation of the subject as sexual through an everyday practice that forms a dominant part of our contemporary computerised era, namely that of the opening of an e‐mail. It reads the effects of the “Love Bug”, the e‐mail that infected millions of computer systems on the 4th of May 2000, so as to assess the extent it produces a different subject sexual than the one already promoted in poststructuralist thought. Butler’s notion of “gender performativity” (a dominant concept in relation to the subject as sexual) and her allegory of the melancholic drag queen are evaluated through ?i?ek’s critique and the example of the “Love Bug” e‐mail. This produces a different reading of the subject as sexual: one that understands sexual pleasure as being at the foundations of subject formation.     

Supervision und Coaching als interne Beratungsangebote in der Bundesagentur für Arbeit

Supervision and coaching as internal consulting in a great public administrationThe author describes the process of the implementing of supervision, coaching and practise discussion in a great public administration. The difficulties of such an intention are shown, which appear, if an organization has no experiences with these formats and the decision makers have no background knowledge. Furthermore it is explained by which measures an institutional anchorage was possible. Because the process is not finished yet, a view of further developments is given.     

Zugänge eröffnen,Verstehen ermöglichen

Opening approaches and understanding. Reflections about parish counselling and organizational development in the parish communityAny process of changes within a church community or parish needs counselling and organizational development. People working in institutionalized parish guidance are biased by the system, therefore parish guidance is limited in its effects. Counselling by profit organizations often fail their task. Theses organizations provoke resistance by unreflected entering of hermeneutics strange to the cultural understanding. It is necessary to get acceptance and understanding concerning motivation and values of honorary members of the parish board. On this a trusting alliance of work is based on.