审视社会主义中国权力监督体系

社会主义中国权力监督体系的构建经历了一个曲折的历程 ,现已形成鲜明的特色 :中国共产党领导 ;人民群众广泛参与 ;按民主集中制的原则实施 ;协商监督等。但也存在不少缺陷 ,如权力监督意识淡化 ,权力行使者自觉接受监督的意识差 ;监督网络不严密 ,监督合力不够 ;监督维度单一 ,自上而下的监督较强 ,平行制约和自下而上监督较弱 ;人大、纪检、司法监督应有的监督功能尚未完全发挥出来等     

“路径依赖”:对农村改革的思考

回顾农村２０年的制度变迁及改革创造的巨大绩效,以家庭联产承包制、乡镇企业和村民自治为主线,可以寻见改革存在路径,即：扩大农民自主权。从经济社会系统的“复杂性”理论角度看,“扩大自主权”这一基层进化的经验经由系统的作用形成了自下而上的组织创新,有助于组织群体的系统转换具有路径依赖性,并以路径效应──政府与农民的互动（自下而上的自发创造与自上而下的自觉选择的互动发展）──拓展积聚了由农民个体自主权扩增而导致的农村社会整体发展效应。现实地看,这一路径必将成为实现农村、农业、农民“三农”现代化的最动态的增效源泉。     

论周恩来的人才观及其现实意义

系统全面地阐明了周恩来对人才培养的目的、标准、途径的观点 ;具体阐述了周恩来爱才如命 ,求贤若渴的精神和培养人才的基本途径。分析了学习周恩来的人才观对培养跨世纪人才的重要意义     

尚未完成的"现代"--也谈中国现当代文学的分期

中国现代文学的上限应该定在晚清,而非"五四新文化运动".中国文学的现代性追求并未止于1949.1949只是政治划界,此后中国文学发生了许多激变,呈现出复杂的现代性样式.晚清至今的中国文学仍然属于尚未完成的现代.通常所谓从"五四"到1949年"现代文学"应该作为特殊的学术史概念来使用,而1949年至今的"当代文学"则应该理解为一个文学批评而非文学史的概念.以往所谓的"现当代文学"只是一个暂时性的提法,似乎应该为重新作出解释的现代文学所取代.     

Nonparametric control charts based on runs and Wilcoxon-type rank-sum statistics

In this article, we introduce three new distribution-free Shewhart-type control charts that exploit run and Wilcoxon-type rank-sum statistics to detect possible shifts of a monitored process. Exact formulae for the alarm rate, the run length distribution, and the average run length (ARL) are all derived. A key advantage of these charts is that, due to their nonparametric nature, the false alarm rate (FAR) and in-control run length distribution is the same for all continuous process distributions. Tables are provided for the implementation of the charts for some typical FAR values. Furthermore, a numerical study carried out reveals that the new charts are quite flexible and efficient in detecting shifts to Lehmann-type out-of-control situations.     

Interkulturelles Training

With proceeding internationalization and globalization of society the demands of working life have changed in the last decades. To meet these demands executives and professionals cooperating with foreign partners abroad or in Germany need the central key qualification of intercultural competence. This important key qualification does not evolve automatically from intercultural experiences, but has to be acquired during an extensive learning process, which is mainly organized in intercultural trainings. This text first describes what intercultural competence is and how it is developed. Based on scientific findings on developmental stages of intercultural competence central aspects of intercultural trainings are covered in detail. Objectives and methods of various intercultural training formats are outlined to illustrate the conceptualization and outcomes of learning effective trainings. The text concludes with future developments of intercultural training in the light of expatriates facing increasing demands regarding the quality of their work. Trainee groups will become more culturally heterogeneous, more trainings will be needed that moderate acculturation processes while staying abroad, training contents and methods have to be adapted according to local customs, modern information technology will play a major role, and family members coming along have to be involved in the training process.     

The Frisch–Waugh–Lovell theorem for the lasso and the ridge regression

The Frisch–Waugh–Lovell (FWL) (partitioned regression) theorem is essential in regression analysis. This is partly because it is quite useful to derive theoretical results. The lasso regression and the ridge regression, both of which are penalized least-squares regressions, have become popular statistical techniques. This article describes that the FWL theorem remains valid for these penalized least-squares regressions. More precisely, we demonstrate that the covariates corresponding to unpenalized regression parameters in these penalized least-squares regression can be projected out. Some other results related to the FWL theorem in such penalized least-squares regressions are also presented.     

胡风文艺理论中的黑格尔因素

胡风与黑格尔之间呈现出一种复杂的历史关系。一方面,在文艺领域,胡风确实继承了黑格尔的某些哲学思想,这种继承使胡风的文艺思想在整个左翼文艺阵营中具有另类的风格。这在“事实”与“价值”的分立及其理论文本的“认识的魅力”、“黑格尔式的论证”等方面体现出来。另一方面,在意识深处,胡风对黑格尔式的哲学方式是予以“反抗”的。     

Charisma,Macht und Narzissmus

Charisma, power and narcissism. On the diagnostics of an ambivalent leading qualityManagers are often obviously narcissistic personalities with “charismatic qualities”. The author discusses the background of these qualities and their ambivalence, because behind the brilliance of a successful manager may be a hidden narcissistic problem as the actual motive power. Nevertheless a constructive narcissism is to be distinguished from a destructive one. Charismatic constellations as well as narcissistic dynamics are to be understood not only as an individual problem but as an interactional phenomenon, involving both sides of a relationship. In order to explain these dynamics, the author presents the concepts of “narcissistic collusion” and “expanded self”. It is of great importance to the coach, to be able to analyse and to deal with these relational patterns — and also to preserve oneself from being involved in such narcissistic dynamics.     

Auf dem Weg an die Spitze Anforderungen an Bewerber für Top-Positionen

En route to the top. Requirements on candidates for top positionsThe assessment of candidates for positions as managing director or as an executive committee member by means of management diagnostics has been frowned upon by German companies for a long time. There has, however, been a clear change of opinion regarding this matter in the meantime. The authors have developed a model of requirements to assess the competencies and potential critical for success. Six areas of responsibility are differentiated between thereby: “Ability to cope with complexity” and “development of decidedness”, “Will to create” and “establishment of structures”, “Establishment of bonds” and “ability of self-management”, and are divided into three levels: the personal level, the co-operative level and the level of corporate culture respectively.