TITE‐BOIN‐ET: Time‐to‐event Bayesian optimal interval design to accelerate dose‐finding based on both efficacy and toxicity outcomes

One of the primary purposes of an oncology dose‐finding trial is to identify an optimal dose (OD) that is both tolerable and has an indication of therapeutic benefit for subjects in subsequent clinical trials. In addition, it is quite important to accelerate early stage trials to shorten the entire period of drug development. However, it is often challenging to make adaptive decisions of dose escalation and de‐escalation in a timely manner because of the fast accrual rate, the difference of outcome evaluation periods for efficacy and toxicity and the late‐onset outcomes. To solve these issues, we propose the time‐to‐event Bayesian optimal interval design to accelerate dose‐finding based on cumulative and pending data of both efficacy and toxicity. The new design, named “TITE‐BOIN‐ET” design, is nonparametric and a model‐assisted design. Thus, it is robust, much simpler, and easier to implement in actual oncology dose‐finding trials compared with the model‐based approaches. These characteristics are quite useful from a practical point of view. A simulation study shows that the TITE‐BOIN‐ET design has advantages compared with the model‐based approaches in both the percentage of correct OD selection and the average number of patients allocated to the ODs across a variety of realistic settings. In addition, the TITE‐BOIN‐ET design significantly shortens the trial duration compared with the designs without sequential enrollment and therefore has the potential to accelerate early stage dose‐finding trials.     

绍兴市区交通红绿灯配时优化模型研究——以大龙市场十字路口为例

通过分析十字交叉路口的几何临界条件和车流量通行的临界条件,建立了左转车道待转区的设置模型.以绍兴市区大龙市场交叉路口为例,建立了相位绿灯时间下的十字路口红绿灯配时方案.在此基础上进一步考虑黄灯闪亮时间的配时模型.     

Monitoring of autocorrelated general linear profiles

A collection of quality data represented by a functional relationship between response and explanatory variables is called a profile. In the literature, the errors of profiles are often assumed to be independent. However, quality data often exhibits time correlations in real applications. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate a general linear regression model with a between-profile autocorrelation. We propose a multivariate exponentially weighted moving average chart for monitoring shifts in the regression parameters, and an exponentially weighted moving average chart for monitoring shifts in the standard deviation. A simulation study reveals that our proposed schemes outperform competing existing schemes based on the average run length criterion. An example is used to illustrate the applicability of the proposed scheme.     

Patient-specific dose finding in phase I clinical trials

This article proposes an extension of the continual reassessment method to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in the presence of patients' heterogeneity in phase I clinical trials. To start with a simple case, we consider the covariate as a binary variable representing two groups of patients. A logistic regression model is used to establish the dose–response relationship and the design is based on the Bayesian framework. Simulation studies for six plausible dose–response scenarios show that the proposed design is likely to determine the MTD more accurately than the design that does not take covariate into consideration.     

一种改进的单相电路谐波和无功电流检测法

针对牵引供电系统三相/单相供电特性，提出了一种检测谐波的新方法，该方法克服了现存单相系统谐波电流检测法计算复杂、运算量大的缺点，能够实现任意次谐波的单独分析；在LabVIEW平台上易于实现，可用于实际工程问题。经过仿真及实验分析结果表明，该算法能够有效地对任意次谐波进行检测，并能准确显示谐波相位。     

SPIRIT: A seamless phase I/II randomized design for immunotherapy trials

Immunotherapy—treatments that enlist the immune system to battle tumors—has received widespread attention in cancer research. Due to its unique features and mechanisms for treating cancer, immunotherapy requires novel clinical trial designs. We propose a Bayesian seamless phase I/II randomized design for immunotherapy trials (SPIRIT) to find the optimal biological dose (OBD) defined in terms of the restricted mean survival time. We jointly model progression‐free survival and the immune response. Progression‐free survival is used as the primary endpoint to determine the OBD, and the immune response is used as an ancillary endpoint to quickly screen out futile doses. Toxicity is monitored throughout the trial. The design consists of two seamlessly connected stages. The first stage identifies a set of safe doses. The second stage adaptively randomizes patients to the safe doses identified and uses their progression‐free survival and immune response to find the OBD. The simulation study shows that the SPIRIT has desirable operating characteristics and outperforms the conventional design.     

固相微萃取技术及其在国内食品领域中的应用

固相微萃取是近年来才发展的复杂样品分析前预处理技术,它的敏感、快速、样品用量少、操作简单、不用溶剂、可自动化、能直接与气相色谱等现代仪器联用的特点使其在食品香成分分析上具有强大的优势。本文综述了固相微萃取技术及其在国内食品领域中的应用。     

东濮凹陷户部寨气田天然气成藏地球化学特征

主要通过天然气组分、碳同位素、氩同位素、轻烃等地球化学数据，分析了东濮凹陷户部寨气田天然气来源、运聚相态，并结合烃源岩的埋藏演化史和断层活动期，综合判断了天然气充注成藏的时间，分析了成藏过程。研究表明，户部寨气田沙三下亚段—沙四段天然气主要为沙一期石炭—二叠系生成的煤成气，运移以游离相为主，混有很少量东营中期濮卫洼陷沙三下—沙四上亚段生成的油型气。     

An experimental study of thermal energy storage with phase change materials by design of experiments

Accurate theoretical modelling and simulation of thermal energy storage (TES) by means of phase change materials (PCM) is very complex and its results are not close enough to experimental values. This paper presents the empirical study of a thermal storage unit operating with a commercial PCM called RT25. The study is carried out by means of the statistical procedure, Design of Experiments. This methodology has rarely been used in the analysis of heat transfer problems. The present study has allowed us to investigate the phenomena involved and to design an actual system. We show the whole procedure followed in order to design the set-up, to run the experiments with a 2³ factorial design, to compare its results with a numerical simulation and to get the empirical model by regression. Its results have been used to design actual installations aimed at free-cooling or maintaining the temperature constant in rooms where thermal security is necessary.     

Alignment and Sub-pixel Interpolation of Images using Fourier Methods

A method is proposed for both estimating and correcting a translational mis-alignment between digital images, taking account of aliasing of high-frequency information. A parametric model is proposed for the power- and cross-spectra of the multivariate stochastic process that is assumed to have generated a continuous-space version of the images. Parameters, including those that specify misalignment, are estimated by numerical maximum likelihood. The effectiveness of the interpolant is confirmed by simulation and illustrated using multi-band Landsat images.