The Micro-Formation Mechanism of Trade Conflicts between Large Developing Countries: India’s Anti-dumping Action against China

Abstract

Employing Grossman and Helpman’s “protection for sale” model, this article uses data on anti-dumping actions from 1999 to 2009 to perform a quantitative analysis of factors influencing India’s determinations of anti-dumping duties against China, and reveals the micro-formation mechanism of economic conflicts between China and India. We find that the political power of India’s anti-dumping plaintiffs markedly increases the tariff level of its final determinations and that the relationship between the import penetration ratio and duty rates depends upon whether the plaintiffs are politically organized. Further, there is a significant positive correlation between India’s anti-dumping duty rates and its unfavorable trade balance with China. This indicates that in determining anti-dumping duties, Indian authorities are clearly influenced by the political clout of their domestic interest groups. They are also motivated by the desire to keep down China and gain the upper hand in the face-off between the “dragon and the elephant.”     

Planning for the 1950 Censuses of Population and Agriculture

The change from the z of “Student's” 1908 paper to the t of present day statistical theory and practice is traced and documented. It is shown that the change was brought about by the extension of “Student's” approach, by R.A. Fisher, to a broader class of problems, in response to a direct appeal from “Student” for a solution to one of these problems.     

关于从“左联五烈士”向“龙华二十四烈士”的还原——兼谈所谓《为了忘却的记念》的“叙述矛盾”

中共党史上的"龙华二十四烈士事件",牺牲者是在反对王明而集会时被告密,从而遭国民党当局逮捕杀害,故对事件真相的揭露和对暴政的抗议长时间受到来自国共双方当权者的禁锢阻挠;而二十四烈士之中的柔石等五位是左翼作家,鲁迅和"左联"冒着生命危险悼念同志和朋友被害,揭露事实真相,使"左联五烈士事件"造成的影响远大于"龙华二十四烈士事件"。这并非鲁迅和"左联"有意掩盖"龙华二十四烈士事件"真相,而是在当时的历史条件下,向外界揭露真相的唯一途径。     

"九·一八"事变前东北地区华北移民离乡原因探析

华北向东北移民历史悠久 ,至“九·一八”事变前达到顶峰 ,成为“人类有史以来最大的人口移动之一”。本文运用比较丰富的中、日文资料 ,从自然、政治、经济、社会等方面 ,对移民离乡的原因重新进了全方位的考察 ,这对于了解 2 0世纪二、三十年代华北、东北的社会状况 ,无疑具有重大的意义     

《五号屠场》思想研究

在美国６０年代的文学甚至文化中都享有重要的地位的冯尼格的《五号屠场》的主题是战争．冯尼格以对战争的残酷、荒谬与丑恶的展示，表达了他强烈的反战倾向与一个和平主义者的立场。小说嘲讽了美国的现实与蛊惑人心的“美国梦”。冯尼格也心境复杂地嘲弄了自己。他并且以对战争、现实以及非现实情节的描述从形而上的意义上揭示了人类的荒诞处境。小说也显示了作者的悲观情绪与面对现实的屈从态度，有浓郁的悲观主义色彩。但他的悲观主义与抗议是融为一体的。在对其悲观主义提出批评的同时，应充分注意到其抗议中的积极含义。     

Banking on fewer children: financial intermediation,fertility and economic development

This paper shows that financial intermediation can influence fertility and labor allocation decisions by raising market wages. The increase in wages induces some households to abandon “traditional” labor intensive methods of production managed at the household level and supply labor to “modern” sector firms. Since it is optimal for households in the modern sector to have fewer children, the labor allocation decision leads to lower national fertility. A panel VAR using financial intermediation, fertility and industrial employment share data in 87 countries is estimated. The empirical results show that the data are consistent with the theoretical predictions. Received: 20 October 1997/Accepted: 31 August 1998     

论岭南的汉化和儒化历程

岭南先秦时期还是蛮荒之地 ,秦朝统一岭南后 ,随着先进的中原文化的带入 ,岭南文化开始走向汉化。随着“独尊儒术”政策在汉帝国的普遍推行 ,岭南又进入儒化的时代。岭南的儒化过程 ,实质上是汉代经学在岭南的普及和消化的过程 ,其中古文经学在岭南的发展尤为突出     

五四:世界化及其理由

五四新文化运动选择了世界化的文化建设路径。在现代化这一目标制约下,世界化就是西化,西化就是现代化。虽然"全盘西化"作为一个汉语词汇是后来才出现的,但五四时期已经存在这种倾向。《新青年》集团批判"特殊国情论",反对"调和折衷论",目的都在于推进中国的充分世界化。他们之所以主张充分世界化,主要理由是西方文明比中国文明进步,而进步的标准则是更有利于人的生存和发展,更能够保障人的自由、尊严和权利。     

文化差异制约下的中国“西部镜像”——20世纪初域外探险者笔下的西部探险记游

19世纪末到20世纪初的外国探险者对中国西部的"地理大发现",是在中国沦为半殖民地的历史背景下发生的.因而,要对他们的探险记游所折射出的"西部镜像"给予科学审视和历史分析,既要珍视其独特的文化视角和文学价值,又不能回避其中因为文化差异而导致的偏见、局限与蔑视.因为,域外探险记游文学不仅仅是异域风情的展现与描绘,还包含着创作者的文化认知与主体心灵的展露,自然物象与主体形象的结合与呈现,才是这类作品的最高境界.     

《金瓶梅词话》"五果五菜"食俗小考

<金瓶梅词话>存在一种"五果五菜"用菜礼制,它是由五种干果、五种肉食组成,是当时社会流行的一种饮食风尚,这在明代人所撰的史料、笔记、地方志及小说中都有大量描述.这种现象的产生是由明朝统治者政治上的提倡,历史上的承继,明代经济生产方面的特征等因素合力作用的结果.