“拈花惹草”补释

对成语“拈花惹草”，几部常见常用、影响很大的辞书，将其词义释为“指男子乱搞男女关系或狎妓”“比喻(男子)挑逗、勾引异性”。这些释义是有问题的，至少是不够准确的；它与一些典范的作品的用例是不相符的。这样的释义会误导人们对“拈花惹草”的正确运用。“拈花惹草”的词义可补释为：拈，用手指夹、捏取物，引申为“习弄、摆弄、玩弄”；惹，招引、挑逗；花、草，借指异性。比喻挑逗、玩弄异性；今多比喻男子挑逗、勾引、玩弄异性。     

朝鲜汉文学家丁若镛汉诗的民本思想—以批判“三政”歌为中心

朝鲜李朝诗人丁若镛具有强烈的民本思想，主张爱民、养民、治民。在诗歌中，他客观反映了下层人民的悲惨生活，批判了“三政”害民的罪恶，提出了革除弊政、以仁政牧民的措施。这些批判“三政”制度的诗歌集中体现了其广泛、深刻且相对彻底的民本思想，同时也是其现实主义诗歌理论的体现。     

Unthinking the European Higher Education Area – differentiated integration and Bologna's different configurations

Differentiated integration was conceived of as a political methodology and as a technology to achieve a European “union” in the field of knowledge policies. However, the non-achievement with regard to the political goals of the European Higher Education Area has highlighted the limitations of this approach to promote furthering the EHEA. In this paper, unthinking is both a research strategy aiming to question those limits and a pedagogical tactic to question the assumptions about the futures. As a research strategy, articulations between unity and diversity are examined. Based on the analysis of the documents endorsed by the Education Ministers in keeping the pace of the Bologna process, the paper contributes to expand knowledge on the nature of Bologna’s differences and underlines the paradoxes in dealing with those differences. As a pedagogical tactic, unthinking questions the assumptions about the future scenarios sketched for higher education. Alternative ways to further integration are discussed on the basis of the idea of integration of the “differences”, bringing to the centre education as a political concern, as higher education institutions, professors, and students/graduates are those at the core of the political management of the “differences”.     

清初雷州地区的平乱与社会重建

清初顺治、康熙两朝,值改朝换代之际,地处边陲的雷州地区,几十年间处于局势动荡之中.不仅明清两朝军事力量在此展开长期的、势均力敌的搏杀、争夺;一些没有能力承担苛捐杂税、“征粮比饷”的民众被逼上“梁山”;一些不法之徒也乘乱而起,趁火打劫.这些被封建官府统称为“盗”、“贼”、“寇”的团伙,占据山区、海岛,不时四出剽掠,杀害人命,使雷州大地处于满目疮痍之中.在此过程中,清朝廷及地方官府一方面征调军事力量,对雷州各地的“盗贼”进行征剿;另一方面又在军事、行政上做了大量工作:修武备、固边防,禁暴虐、除积弊,招抚流民、垦荒种植,复兴学校教育等等,使被长期动乱摧毁的地方经济逐渐得到恢复、发展.清初雷州地区的动乱至康熙朝才渐被平息,雷州社会的动荡局势才渐趋和平安定,为日后雷州地区经济的发展、文教的昌盛奠定了基础.     

简析汉语委婉语中关于“死亡”的表述

委婉语并非是汉民族语言中独有的文化现象，它在世界各国语言中也有反映，但是汉语中委婉语的数量却远远多于其它民族，特别是关于“死亡”委婉语的表述犹多，这是由汉民族特有的历史和文化底蕴决定的。经过几千年的发展，中华民族有其特有的宗教文化、等级制度、价值观等，这一切都赋予了“死亡”这个字眼以特定的隐晦解释与说法。从几个方面对古代和现代汉语中的“死亡”委婉语进行比较深入的探索和研究，明确认识“死亡”委婉语在不同场合下的说法。     

论美国“亚太再平衡”战略

美国“亚太再平衡”战略的提出，一方面是为了提振美国经济，另一方面也是为了加强在亚太的军事存在。“亚太再平衡”战略提出之后，美国采取了一系列的举动来提升它在亚太地区的影响力。政治上，美国加大了对亚太各国外交的投入；在经济上，美国通过TPP力求掌握亚太经济主导权；在军事上加大了军事人员和装备的部署。通过其整个“再平衡”过程不难看出，美国“亚太再平衡”战略只不过是霸权主义和实用主义的延续而已，它追求在亚太地区以大国制衡为着力点，在手段上软硬兼施，希望在亚太地区获得更多战略利益。     

论邓小平对“文化大革命’’的评价

“文化大革命”期间和“文化大革命”结束后，邓小平立足于党和国家的利益，坚持科学的马克思主义评价观，对“文化大革命”的评价经历了“文化大革命”后期用实际行动对“文化大革命”否定评价、“文化大革命”结束后对“文化大革命”不匆忙评价、十一届三中全会后对“文化大革命”否定评价再到改革开放过程中对“文化大革命”辩证评价四个阶段。     

“可听”文本的生产、传播与接受——以“十七年”朗诵诗与诗朗诵为中心

在政治与文化相互胶合的时代语境中,"十七年"朗诵诗生产、传播和接受出现了一系列独异现象。在建构一种"大众化"的"可听性"诗歌文本总体目标的规导下,人们从诗歌本质特征、诗体建设、诗歌传播和诗歌接受等维度,对朗诵诗和诗朗诵进行深入探究和大胆尝试。"可听性"诗歌文本生产与传播,一方面有力地推动"十七年"诗歌"大众化"进程,另一方面也使诗歌的思想、情感和语言被不断"化约",诗歌文本"厚度"降低和形象受损,朗诵诗最终难以壮大为当代诗歌的发展主流。     

Vision and Values

Abstract

As the formative figure in the emergence and development of Environment-Aging Studies, M. Powell Lawton influenced virtually every facet of this realm of research. Among his many contributions, Lawton helped shape the philosophical foundations which underlie the field and give direction to goals, theories, methods, and strategies of research. These philosophical foundations of Environment-Behavior Studies are analyzed from five complementary perspec-tives-axiological, ontological, epistemological, methodological, and praxeological-with particular attention paid to Lawton's position on each. Though unwavering in his position with regard to values, Lawton explored a variety of philosophical positions and continued to work to ward a meaningful synthesis of what are often seen as conflicting world-views.     

Black Violence and Crime in the 21st Century

Abstract

Although a number of perspectives have been represented as frameworks for analyzing crime and violence perpetuated by African Americans, no analysis can replace a socio-historical perspective. By carefully studying the works of W.E.B. Du Bois a sharper analysis of black crime and violence can be clearly delineated.