3N+1猜想中的通常迭代与伸长迭代

讨论了两种迭代的异同,得到了以下结果：①同高连续数对在两种迭代下的不变性;②数对 ｎ和ｎ＋２ｋ的轨迹序列和奇偶矢量之间的关系。     

“N1＋V1得＋N2＋V2”句式的构式分析——兼谈构式语法在汉语研究中的运用

本文从构式义的角度分析了N1＋V1得＋N2＋V2句式的两种类型：结果句和致使句,并认为构式义在给句子分类时起到一种导向作用。构式义和句中动词义相互作用,构式义与动词义一致时,生成合格的句子,当构式义与动词义不一致时,构式义通过压制使动词意义发生变化,从而使动词进入句式。同时分析了能进入N1＋V1得＋N2＋V2句式中的动词类型,解释了此类动词进入句式的原因。本文还探讨了构式语法在汉语短语和词这两级单位中的应用,并认为构式语法在构式义突显时使用更为有效。     

AN1N2定中结构的类型分析

从表层来看,AN1N2是一个简单的三元素定中结构,只有两种分类的可能性(A-N1N2和AN1-N2).本文深入这一结构的内部,挖掘其深厚、丰富的语义内涵,充分关注语义和句法的互动关系,运用句法变换、成分删除等语法分析手段,分解出一系列涵盖在表层线性形式下AN1N2的聚合类,构建出ANlN2结构的下位分类系统,并对其对立和生成机制进行了解释.     

Some new classes of multivariate survival distribution functions

The concept of the univariate mean remaining life (m.r.l.) function is generalized to the multivariate case. The multivariate mean remaining life (m.m.r.l.) function is utilized to introduce four new classes of multivariate survival distribution functions (s.d.f.'s). Each of these classes is a new generalization of the univariate decreasing mean remaining life (DMRL) class of s.d.f.'s. The duals of these classes are introduced. Some properties, physical interpretation, and relationships among these classes are investigated. Also for each case, the class of s.d.f.'s common in a class and its dual is characterized.     

GM(1,N)模型的病态矩阵的产生及主成分估计改进法

本文在文献[1]的基础上给出了更为一般的探讨,并且用主成分估计法改进了灰色系统模型。     

函数的Tchebycheff—Fourier级数的(N,P)平均逼近

讨论了算子（N，P）的最佳逼近阶以及达到此逼近阶的一个充分条件。得到了f∈Lipα及f’∈Lipα时逼近误差的上界。     

Estimation of a standard measuring error by repeated measurements and sortings

A sorting-and-measuring machine (SMM) measures and sorts (classifies) on-line produced items into several groups according to their size. The measuring devices of the SMM perceive the actual item size with a random error ε and classify the item as being smaller than b iff z+ε<b. Here ε is a normal zero-mean r.v. with unknown standard deviation σ which is the main parameter characterizing the precision and technical condition of an SMM. The paper gives the following method of estimating σ. N₀ items are measured and N₁ of them are recognized by the SMM as belonging to the group a<z≤b. These N₁ items are sorted again and N₂ of them return to this group, these are sorted again, and so on. The estimation of σ is based on the statistics N_m/N_n. Moments of the ratio statistics N_m/N_n and their distributional properties are investigated. It turns out that the expected value of N_m/N_n depends almost linearly on σ which allows us to construct ‘almost’ unbiased estimators of type $\text{σ}\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{mn}}\text{=A}\textcolor{red}{}\text{N}{}_{\mathrm{m}}\text{/N}{}_{\mathrm{n}}\text{+B}$ with good propert including robustness with respect to the distribution of item size. Convex combinations of $\text{σ}\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{mn}}$ statistics are considered to obtain an estimator with minimal variance.     

China’s first priority in post-war state building: A wealthy state,or a strong army?

This analysis examined causal links in China’s defence–growth nexus in 1960–2016. The results show that better growth significantly reduces military-civilian ratio and propels military reforms. The unidirectional threshold causality from growth to defence shows that the military impact on a positive change in China’s growth is little in the long term. Conversely, the growth impact of a positive change in defence has accelerated after it reaches the threshold year in 1987. This finding explains why Chinese economy stagnated when defence was prioritised and why China has risen dramatically in the Far East after three decades of fast economic growth.     

Decentralization and growth: Do informal institutions and rule of law matter?

We develop a model of the interactions among decentralization, informal institutions and the rule of law. The model sheds light on the ambiguous empirical results reported in the literature regarding the growth effects of the policy of devolving fiscal responsibility to local governments. We find that the distribution of civicness within a country determines the magnitude of the effects of decentralization on its regional convergence, as well as whether decentralization fosters or dampens the country’s national growth. We perform a series of simulated “reforms” using Monte Carlo methods parameterized using OECD countries data set. We then test our findings using a panel data set of 23 OECD countries covering the period 1975–2010. We find that the short and the long run growth effect of decentralization policy depends on the size of the policy reform and can range from extremely negative to positive depending on the rule of law, the level of social capital and its regional dispersion, in line with the model predictions.     

Additive time-dependent hazard model with doubly truncated data

For doubly truncated data, i.e. the variables of interest are only observable if they lie in a certain random interval, an additive hazard model with time-dependent regression coefficients is investigated. Consistency and asymptotic normality are proven under mild assumptions. A simulation study investigates the finite sample properties and the influence of the truncation distribution on the estimation error. Finally, the method is applied to a doubly truncated data set of German companies, where the age at insolvency is of interest.