高校学生社会主义核心价值观培育的三维审视

党的十八大报告从三个层面以全新的维度对社会主义核心价值观进行了集中概括。社会主义核心价值观教育有助于大学生形成中国特色社会主义国家价值观、马克思主义社会价值观和社会主义公民个人价值观。把握核心价值观的新内涵,紧抓核心价值观教育的新维度,切实把培养中国特色社会主义事业合格建设者和可靠接班人与当代大学生健康成长的内在要求相统一,方能进一步增强教育的针对性、实效性,并将其转化为大学生的根本价值取向和自觉追求。     

胡适与"九一八"事变

“九一八”事变之前胡适对东北形势就很关注,并对危机的出现有预感。事变后,他积极投身于拯救民族危机的活动中。他与友人创办《独立评论》,并在主编位置上为之付出巨大的心血。他从国际、国内等方面着眼,对事变的原因、影响所做的阐释,许多是有见地、有的甚至是很精辟的。胡适在“九一八”事变后的爱国行动也对他的人生道路产生了深刻的影响。     

A basic lemma and the analysis of block and Kronecker product designs

In this paper the analysis of the class of block designs whose C matrix can be expressed in terms of the Kronecker product of some elementary matrices is considered. The analysis utilizes a basic result concerning the spectral decomposition of the Kronecker product of symmetric matrices in terms of the spectral decomposition of the component matrices involved in the Kronecker product. The property (A) of Kurkjian and Zelen (1963) is generalised and the analysis of generalised property (A) designs is given. It is proved that a design is balanced factorially if and only if it is a generalised property (A) design. A method of analysis of Kronecker product block designs whose component designs are equi-replicate and proper is also suggested.     

Philanthropy in 18th-Century Central Europe: Evangelical Reform and Commerce

This article focuses on the close linkage between domestic philanthropy and commerce at the end of the early modern period, and the sophistication with which well-connected evangelical institutions transcended the confines of established religion and territorial boundaries. Use of a large set of primary and secondary sources that are relatively unknown in the history of the voluntary sector permits the examination and analysis of several notable aspects of the Francke Orphanage Foundations, an 18th-century central European institution of evangelical reform and colonial mission. Particular attention is given to the innovative efforts of their founder, August Hermann Francke, to secure an independent financial base for his institutional goals. These goals, which were supported in large part by members of the German nobility and of merchants in the imperial cities, included but were not limited to reform of charity care and education. From the outset, a close network of personal supporters and evangelical institutions that extended throughout Protestant Europe proved essential for both trade and evangelical mission; this network permitted expansion into Russia and the Baltic provinces, Hungary, the Near East and India, and eventually the British North American colonies.     

The impact of informality on inclusive growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Does financial inclusion matter?

Rising poverty levels in Sub-Saharan Africa requires a better understanding of inclusive growth determinants to develop effective policy responses. Using panel data from 44 Sub-Saharan African countries for the period 1990–2018, we compute measures of inclusive growth based on gender and the rural–urban divide. We account for endogeneity, cross-sectional dependence, and heteroscedasticity, and estimate an inclusive growth model using the instrumental variable generalized method of moments (IV-GMM) estimator. The empirical evidence indicates that the impact of informality on inclusive growth depends on the measure of informality and inclusiveness. Our results show that financial inclusion exhibits an inverted-U-shaped relationship with inclusive growth. Also, we find that the moderating role of financial inclusion in the informality–inclusive growth nexus is mixed. Our results are robust to alternative model specifications and highlight the importance of financial inclusion and informality in influencing inclusive growth in Sub-Saharan Africa.     

关于推动高等教育内涵式发展的几点思考*

党的十八大报告第一次明确提出了“推动高等教育内涵式发展”的新理念,确立了新的历史时期高等教育科学发展的方向。推动高等教育内涵式发展,是我国高等教育发展的根本要求,是我国高等教育发展的现实需求。为此,要转变发展理念,要调整发展结构,要坚持以人为本,要培养大学精神来推动高等教育内涵式发展。     

“法治”：“思维”与“方式”的统一

“法治思维”和“法治方式”是十八大报告提出的新概念,这组概念在2013年6月22日至25日的中央政治局会议上被再次强调。“法治思维”和“法治方式”既是实施“法治国家”的基础和前提,又是实施“依法行政”的关键和重点,更是社会和国家“治理”的主要内容。对“法治思维”和“法治方式”进行深刻的分析研究可以消除对“法治”的模棱两可的意识,便于在全社会形成“法治社会”环境。     

Exponential-growth bias and overconfidence

There is increasing evidence that people underestimate the magnitude of compounding interest. However, if people were aware of their inability to make such calculations they should demand services to ameliorate the consequences of such deficiencies. In a laboratory experiment, we find that people exhibit substantial exponential-growth bias but, more importantly, that they are overconfident in their ability to answer questions that involve exponential growth. They also exhibit overconfidence in their ability to use a spreadsheet to answer these questions. This evidence explains why a market solution to exponential-growth bias has not been forthcoming. Biased individuals have suboptimally low demand for tools and services that could improve their financial decisions.     

Determinants of the demand for health screening in Malaysia: The case of the aged population

The increase in the prevalence of heart disease has become a serious public health issue. Hypercholesterolemia and hypertension are two main modifiable health risk factors for heart disease. In a fast ageing society, proper preventive measures should be adopted, particularly to achieve healthy aging. The objective of the present study is to examine the factors affecting the use of two health tests, namely blood cholesterol and blood pressure screenings among adults aged 60 years and above in Malaysia. Nationally representative data collected through the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2011 (NHMS, 2011) by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia were analysed. The survey used a two-stage stratified sampling method. Enumeration Blocks were selected in the first stage, while the second stage involved selection of Living Quarters. The proportions of those not using the blood cholesterol (45.4%) and blood pressure (30.8%) tests are alarmingly high. A bivariate probit model is applied to examine the determinants of the use of these two health screening tests. The results show that education, ethnicity, location of residence, employment status, health insurance and smoking significantly affect the decision of the aged population to undergo these tests. Key findings are, first, time is a more dominant factor than income in determining health screening behaviour among the aged population. Second, being covered by insurance increases the propensity to undergo health screening. Third, smokers have a lower likelihood of screening than non-smokers. The findings suggest that intervention programmes should be targeted at the less-educated, employed individuals, individuals not covered by health insurance and smokers.     

The impact of avian influenza on the Korean egg market: Who benefited?

The historical decomposition and directed acyclic graph methods are employed to estimate the effect of avian influenza in Korea on egg price transmission between the farm, wholesale, and retail levels. Our findings suggest that farm and retail egg prices are connected by the wholesale price. We also find that the farm-wholesale and the wholesale-retail margins increase during the avian influenza period. Our results imply that the retailer and wholesaler use their market power to increase their price during the food safety crisis. Therefore, the Korean government should control market power by allowing more emergency egg imports.