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991.
Children's participation is essential to achieve good outcomes for children involved in child protection systems. Despite this, research has consistently found children report low levels of participation, are poorly consulted and feel inadequately involved in decisions about their lives. To explore how practitioners understand children's participation, 18 in-depth interviews were conducted with statutory child protection practitioners in Australia. The interviews explored the ways child protection practitioners understand children's participation. Our findings show practitioners conceptualize children as rights holders and believe it is essential to hear directly from children about their needs and wishes to keep them safe. Practitioners identified the importance of transparent processes and decisions. Different understanding of participation emerged, with some participants talking about children as their central focus but not discussing meaningful participation of the child. It appeared that children's participation relied largely on the views and skills of individual workers, as well as their ability to incorporate meaningful participation in limited time and in complex practice environments where children's safety is a primary concern. Systemic changes to address time barriers, training practitioners to understand and implement participatory practice, and seeking children's input into service design, will support consistent and meaningful participation. 相似文献
992.
Erika Jiménez Vicky Brotherton Alison Gardner Nicola Wright Hannah Browne Nancy Esiovwa Minh Dang Emily Wyman Liana Bravo-Balsa Benjamin Lucas Mohsen Gul Elizabeth Such Zoe Trodd 《Children & Society》2023,37(1):216-234
This article discusses the unequal impact of Covid-19 on the lives of the children of survivors of modern slavery, child victims of exploitation and children at risk of exploitation in the UK. It draws on research that has analysed the risks and impacts of Covid-19 on victims and survivors of modern slavery. It explores how pandemic responses may have hindered these children's rights to education, food, safety, development and participation and representation in legal processes. It suggests that the pandemic should be used as an impetus to address inequalities that existed pre-Covid-19 and those that have been exacerbated by it. 相似文献
993.
Clément SÉHIER 《Revue Internationale du Travail》2023,162(1):111-136
L'auteur s'interroge sur la capacité des ONG de renforcer le pouvoir collectif du travail au sein des réseaux de production mondialisés en utilisant leur pouvoir de pression sur les multinationales pour lancer des programmes d'élections de comités de travailleurs dans les usines. Sur la base d'une enquête empirique menée entre 2012 et 2019 dans le sud de la Chine, il montre que ces programmes ont permis de sensibiliser les travailleurs à l'action collective et de renforcer leur agentivité, mais que l'inégalité structurelle du système de production, l'absence de protection institutionnelle en faveur des représentants élus et le durcissement du régime ont empêché qu'ils perdurent. 相似文献
994.
995.
This study examines extensions of McNemar's Test with multinomial responses, and proposes a linear weighting scheme, based on the distance of the response change, that is applied to one of these extensions (Bowker's test). This weighted version of Bowker's test is then appropriate for ordinal response variables. A Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to examine the Type I error rate of the weighted Bowker's test for a cross-classification table based on a five-category ordinal response scale. The weighted Bowker's test was also applied to a data set involving change in student attitudes towards mathematics. The results of the weighted Bowker's test were compared with the results of Bowker's test applied to the same set of data. 相似文献
996.
Longitudinal studies suffer from patient dropout. The dropout process may be informative if there exists an association between dropout patterns and the rate of change in the response over time. Multiple patterns are plausible in that different causes of dropout might contribute to different patterns. These multiple patterns can be dichotomized into two groups: quantitative and qualitative interaction. Quantitative interaction indicates that each of the multiple sources is biasing the estimate of the rate of change in the same direction, although with differing magnitudes. Alternatively, qualitative interaction results in the multiple sources biasing the estimate of the rate of change in opposing directions. Qualitative interaction is of special concern, since it is less likely to be detected by conventional methods and can lead to highly misleading slope estimates. We explore a test for qualitative interaction based on simultaneous confidence intervals. The test accommodates the realistic situation where reasons for dropout are not fully understood, or even entirely unknown. It allows for an additional level of clustering among participating subjects. We apply these methods to a study exploring tumor growth rates in mice as well as a longitudinal study exploring rates of change in cognitive functioning for Alzheimer's patients. 相似文献
997.
Abstarct. This paper is concerned with studying the dependence structure between two random variables Y 1 and Y 2 conditionally upon a covariate X. The dependence structure is modelled via a copula function, which depends on the given value of the covariate in a general way. Gijbels et al. (Comput. Statist. Data Anal., 55, 2011, 1919) suggested two non‐parametric estimators of the ‘conditional’ copula and investigated their numerical performances. In this paper we establish the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators as well as conditional association measures derived from them. Practical recommendations for their use are then discussed. 相似文献
998.
Jelena Jockovi? 《Journal of statistical planning and inference》2011,141(7):2348-2352
Let Nn={1,2,…,n}. We sample with replacement from the set Nn assuming that each element has probability 1/n of being drawn. Let Mn be the waiting time determined by certain stoping rules in the coupon collector's problem. We investigate models for the asymptotic behavior of the excesses of Mn over the high thresholds. 相似文献
999.
Émilie Biland 《Sociologie du Travail》2010,52(2):172
The process of constructing a civil service in France at the local and regional levels (function publique territoriale) is examined by focusing on selective examinations for recruiting and promoting personnel. The political and administrative rationales are described that have, since the 1970s, institutionalized these examinations, which do not challenge the prerogatives of the elected officials to fill the employer's role. The incomplete process of bureaucratization in local and regional administrations affects how these examinations take place. The duty of civil servants to avoid expressing opinions in public is evaluated but by the elected officials who serve on the panels that select applicants. Although the “bureaucratic personality” is prized, expectations stemming from the current reference to managerial criteria moderate this emphasis. Though similar to examinations conducted in the central government's civil service, the selective examinations for local and regional government employees illustrate a determination to stand apart. These ambiguities show how weak the procedures related to these examinations are at a time when they have come under wide-ranging criticisms. The latter are amplified in local and regional administrations which, historically, differ significantly from the French Republic's merit-based model. 相似文献
1000.
Antoine Bernard de Raymond 《Sociologie du Travail》2010,52(1):1
As this study of experiments with organizing the fruit and vegetable market from the 1950s till the end of the 1970s shows, there were alternatives to the principle of distribution, for instance: the modernization of traditional wholesale marketplaces (carreau) or the establishment of veilings (marchés au cadran) controlled by producers. After exposing the rationale underlying each of these arrangements, the empirical conditions are examined for actually modernizing markets. Attention is drawn to the factors that weigh on players in the market, in particular the tensions, on the one hand, between homogenization and concentration and, on the other hand, the singularity of products and transactions. 相似文献