The Effects of Personality Traits on Wages: A Matching Approach

I use the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 to estimate the effects of adolescent measurements of self‐esteem and locus of control on adult wages using propensity score matching. An adolescent possessing high self‐esteem will experience between 8.5 and 9.2 per cent higher wages as an adult. This result is statistically significant and robust to the addition of cognitive skill and family background characteristics. When cognitive skill and family background characteristics are controlled for, locus of control as an adolescent is insignificant in explaining adult wages. This result is contrary to findings in the literature.     

面向C2C电子商务的多维信誉评价模型

提出了一种面向C2C电子商务的多维信誉评价模型,该模型将反映卖家信誉的因素归结为2类维度,即交易维度和中介维度。前者包括交易时间、交易金额、买家信誉度、欺诈惩罚4个维度;后者包括商盟、消费者保障服务2个维度;模型将C2C卖家信誉集结为一个二元组提供给消费者,作为其进行购买决策的评估指标。通过对淘宝网数据的实证研究证明,其相对传统模型具有更好的信誉区分能力、防信誉诋毁能力、防信誉共谋能力和欺诈惩罚能力。     

加强大学科技园建设 振兴东北老工业基地

大学科技园的发展可以为东北老工业基地的建设开拓出新的发展思路.从建立创新体系、加强宏观管理和政策推动及增强研发能力三方面论述了如何加强大学科技园建设,加速高校科研成果产业化发展进程,为振兴东北老工业基地服务.     

第二代保险偿付能力监管体系建设初探

2008年金融危机的爆发全面呈现了现行保险偿付能力监管制度体系的不足。我国第一代保险偿付能力监管体系的不足为：对保险公司治理和内部风险控制等偿付能力的影响没有加以考察;对保险公司不同险种偿付能力的要求采取不科学的统一模式;没有对保险公司面临的风险全面评估;没有对分支机构的有力监管;规定不协调、空白和不符合国情的问题。应在合理设计第二代偿付能力监管体系风险识别类型的基础上,实现偿付能力监管体系结果与过程的统一;加强对综合金融保险集团的资本充足率监管;改革现行监管体系不合国情、不协调的问题并弥补监管空白。     

D型水力碎浆机轻杂质排放系统的优化

某纸厂废纸制浆生产线上,45 m3D型水力碎浆机轻渣排放口易被大块杂质堵住,导致轻杂质不能及时排出,为 此对轻杂质排放系统重新优化设计。首先设计了L形结构的挡流板,使未碎解的大块杂质和纸板不能沿着槽体内浆流 的方向直接冲进轻杂质口,而是被轻杂质口内的吸力抽走;其次设计了用于调节轻杂质流量的调节阀,以根据实际情况 调节轻杂质入口的吸力;最后取消轻杂质排放系统内的管道连接弯头,从而减少管道内流体的阻力。改进后的碎浆机系 统运行稳定可靠,轻杂质排放顺畅。     

Gambling versus investment: Lay theory and loss aversion

Gambling and investment are two domains that involve financial decisions. The present research investigates people’s lay theories about gambling and investment, and how these lay theories affect loss aversion in these domains. Lay people’s understanding of gambling and investment is often largely based on information that is immediately available to them. Moreover, information about losing money by gambling and earning money through investments are more predominant than information about earning money by gambling and losing money through investments. Hence, we hypothesized and found that people tend to hold lay theories that gambling is more likely to cause losses and less likely to bring gains compared to investment (Study 1); and we observed a stronger loss aversion when the same monetary decision was framed as gambling rather than as an investment (Studies 2 to 6). This domain-framing effect held in both hypothetical and incentivized settings.     

It does (not) get better: Reference income violation and altruism

We experimentally test whether the gap between reference and actual income impacts subsequent altruism. Participants first perform a real-effort task for a fixed wage and then play a dictator game. Between conditions, we vary the level and the timing of the revelation of the wage. In some conditions, participants know the wage before the real effort task and are not informed of the other potential levels. In some other conditions, they are informed of the distribution of wages before the real effort task, but the actual wage is only revealed afterward. Participants in the latter conditions can form references that may be higher or lower than their actual wage. Our hypothesis is that the gap between the reference and the actual wage impacts transfers in the subsequent dictator game, either because participants want to compensate their recent losses, or because of the emotional reaction to gains and losses. The results support this hypothesis: participants who get the low wage transfer less and are less likely to transfer when they are informed of the other potential levels than when they are not. Conversely, participants who get the high wage are more likely to transfer positive amounts when they are informed of the other potential levels. We use physiological (skin conductance response) and declarative data to discuss the role of emotions in our treatment effects.     

研发投入对中小企业技术创新效率的影响研究——基于我国东部沿海10省市的数据

基于中小企业技术创新效率现状,运用柯布道格拉斯生产函数分析中小企业研发人员投入及不同来源研发经费投入对技术创新效率的影响,之后利用面板数据变系数模型分析企业自身研发经费投入对技术创新效率的差异性影响,结果显示:政府研发经费投入会产生较弱的负向影响;企业自身研发经费投入有较强的正向影响;金融机构贷款影响不显著。企业自身研发经费投入对河北省和辽宁省没有显著影响,对广东省、江苏省的影响较其他地区弱。     

专利制度的“阿喀琉斯之踵”及其克服

技术创新是经济增长的引擎。专利制度以发明的市场利润为手段激励技术创新。然而,当市场提供给创新者的预期回报较低或不能补偿创新投资时,市场利润的激励手段并不能实现激励创新的目标,它构成了专利制度的“阿喀琉斯之踵”。为克服专利制度的局限性,国家为激励创新所采取的政策工具和法律手段具有多元性,它包括研发资助和税收优惠等。不同激励机制具有不同型态的成本、收益,在社会或创新者之间的成本、收益也并不一致,不同的激励机制具有发挥各自作用的场域。因此,既要坚持专利制度在激励创新中的基础地位,也要重视发挥其他激励机制的作用。这不仅是专利制度改革应秉持的基本原则,也是完善其他激励机制的出发点。