考虑消费者策略行为的供应商产品升级策略

随着科技的发展和市场竞争的加剧，企业不断频繁地进行产品升级更新以应对消费者快速变化的需求；同时，消费者也越来越具有策略性行为，主要表现为跨期选择购买产品的类型和时机。本文考虑消费者策略行为研究供应链上游供应商的最优产品升级策略，分析捆绑、模块化和整合三种产品升级策略中消费者的购买决策和供应链企业的均衡定价决策。研究表明：当消费者耐心程度和升级模块的价值升级系数满足一定条件时，供应商将选择模块化升级策略，相对于捆绑升级策略，将获得更高的利润；而只有当消费者耐心程度较小时，采用整合升级策略相对于其他两种升级策略更有利于提高利润。     

Exploring How an Elementary Teacher Plans and Implements Social Studies Inquiry

Social studies continues to be marginalized in elementary grades, yet the C3 Framework and its Inquiry Arc offer possibilities for high-quality elementary social studies instruction. However, the C3 Framework requires that teachers possess an adequate understanding of how to implement inquiry within the various social studies disciplines, which we argue is an aspect of the pedagogical content knowledge necessary for effective elementary social studies instruction. This single-case study follows an elementary teacher through her use of the C3 Framework, Inquiry Arc, and a related curriculum approach called the Inquiry Design Model as she conceptualized, planned, and implemented inquiries in her fifth-grade classroom. By incorporating this new knowledge into her existing understanding of social studies pedagogy, as well as her knowledge of her students and specific educational context, the teacher was able to successfully navigate some of the challenges associated with implementing social studies inquiry in elementary classrooms.     

Strategic CSR for innovation in SMEs: Does diversity matter?

Both corporate social responsibility and diversity influence firms' innovation, yet their relationship and links to innovation remain uncertain, especially among small to medium-sized enterprises. Relying on strategic and institutional CSR perspectives and a value-in-diversity approach, this study examines the mediating roles of gender and nationality diversity on the CSR–innovation link at the organizational level. With a sample of 1348 SMEs from Luxembourg, the results show that strategic CSR can promote both types of diversity, but only nationality diversity triggers technological innovation. Nationality diversity emerges as a partial mediator of the relationship between CSR and SMEs’ technological innovation. Thus, strategic CSR, through the genuine pursuit of such diversity, can help SMEs attain positive returns on their product or process innovation. These results have important theoretical and managerial implications.     

Extended Poisson INAR(1) processes with equidispersion,underdispersion and overdispersion

Real count data time series often show the phenomenon of the underdispersion and overdispersion. In this paper, we develop two extensions of the first-order integer-valued autoregressive process with Poisson innovations, based on binomial thinning, for modeling integer-valued time series with equidispersion, underdispersion, and overdispersion. The main properties of the models are derived. The methods of conditional maximum likelihood, Yule–Walker, and conditional least squares are used for estimating the parameters, and their asymptotic properties are established. We also use a test based on our processes for checking if the count time series considered is overdispersed or underdispersed. The proposed models are fitted to time series of the weekly number of syphilis cases and monthly counts of family violence illustrating its capabilities in challenging the overdispersed and underdispersed count data.     

基于三学期制的“3+X”学期制探索与实践——以D学院为例

在国内高校中已得到广泛实施的三学期制在深化教学制度改革、创新人才培养模式、提高人才培养质量等方面虽然已发挥了积极作用,但从三学期制的实施现状来看,仍存在很多共性问题有待解决。D学院在三学期制的基础上提出并探索实施了具有灵活性、易行性、公益性等特点的"3+X"学期制,通过对闲暇时间的有效利用,采取创新教学形式、打造辅导团队、优化资源配置、制定检验标准等多项举措,收到了良好成效。     

Adjustment mechanisms and intergenerational actuarial neutrality in pension reforms

In the context of the reform of defined benefit pension systems under population ageing, we focus on the introduction of automatic adjustment mechanisms linked to life expectancy. Our goal is to establish a relationship between changes in the key parameters of the pension system and changes in life expectancy, applying the principle of intergenerational actuarial neutrality. For a defined benefit pension scheme, we first obtain the fundamental adjustment equation and then, for particular cases, we derive different designs of automatic adjustment mechanisms depending on the involved parameter. We include a numerical application only for illustrative purposes.     

沅湘傩歌的音乐特征分析

沅湘地区傩歌根植于沅湘大地，附着于傩堂法事及傩堂戏（剧）的各个环节，其音乐调式的多样性、旋律发展的朴实性、音乐结构的简单性、音乐取料的地方性、衬词滑音的方言性、音乐节奏的自由性和简洁性等风格特征与沅湘地区独特的生境文化、民俗风情关联紧密，彰显出鲜明的沅湘地方音乐的风格特征。     

Equilibrium Joining Strategies and Optimal Control of a Make‐to‐Stock Queue

We consider a make‐to‐stock, finite‐capacity production system with setup cost and delay‐sensitive customers. To balance the setup and inventory related costs, the production manager adopts a two‐critical‐number control policy, where the production starts when the number of waiting customers reaches a certain level and shuts down when a certain quantity of inventory has accumulated. Once the production is set up, the unit production time follows an exponential distribution. Potential customers arrive according to a Poisson process. Customers are strategic, i.e., they make decisions on whether to stay for the product or to leave without purchase based on their utility values, which depend on the production manager's control decisions. We formulate the problem as a Stackelberg game between the production manager and the customers, where the former is the game leader. We first derive the equilibrium customer purchasing strategy and system performance. We then formulate the expected cost rate function for the production system and present a search algorithm for obtaining the optimal values of the two control variables. We further analyze the characteristics of the optimal solution numerically and compare them with the situation where the customers are non‐strategic.     

高管身份跨界、战略依存与非公企业价值

以我国上市企业为样本,分析了高管身份跨界、战略依存与非公企业价值之间的关系。结果发现,身份跨界广度对非公企业价值有显著的负向影响,而身份跨界深度的影响却是正向的;结构不确定在高管身份跨界与非公企业价值之间发挥了显著的正向调节作用;高管身份跨界对非公企业研发战略与企业价值之间无实质性贡献,身份跨界的政治战略与研发战略依存的结果是战略的"堆砌效应";高管身份跨界会削弱广告战略与非公企业价值之间的作用关系,身份跨界的政治战略与广告战略依存会发生战略的"侵蚀效应";高管身份跨界有助于强化研发战略和广告战略共同对非公企业价值的正向影响,身份跨界的政治战略、研发战略与广告战略三者依存会诱发战略的"协同效应",促进非公企业价值提升。