比较优势、竞争优势与区域一体化

根据新结构经济学理论,遵循比较优势是经济发展成功的“药方”。根据国家竞争优势的“钻石体系”,一个国家发展的产业需要“充分利用当地丰富的资源”“国内有大市场”“国内形成产业集群”“国内是竞争市场”等四个条件才能具有竞争优势。但是,竞争优势的第一个条件其实就是由当地的要素禀赋所决定的比较优势,第三、第四个条件以所发展的产业符合比较优势为前提,而符合比较优势的产业不仅可以有国内市场也可以有国际市场,所以,比钻石理论的第二个条件所强调的市场规模还大。因此,竞争优势的建立离不开比较优势的发挥,按照比较优势发展是竞争优势的基础,只有充分依靠和发挥自己的比较优势才能建立自己的竞争优势。只有充分发挥各个地区的比较优势,通过区域一体化,形成更大的产业集群,这样才能将自身的比较优势更好地转变为在国内国际市场的竞争优势。     

我国核电技术创新中的政企协调度实证分析

为探究我国核电技术创新中政府和企业的协调情况,文章基于协同学理论和复杂系统理论,从核电技术创新的特点出发,将核电技术创新系统解构为政府子系统和企业子系统,采用2007年—2017年相关数据,运用协调度测度模型对政府子系统有序度、企业子系统有序度和政企协调度进行测度和分析。研究结果显示:我国核电技术创新中政企协调度随时间呈现“N”型变化趋势,且协调度均值较低;政府子系统有序度和企业子系统有序度表现为“双螺旋”协调演进;制约政府子系统有序度和企业子系统有序度提升的关键因素分别为税收优惠力度和企业R&D强度。     

美国学前儿童使用技术的指导原则概述及启示

美国教育部、人类与健康服务部于2016年10月联合发布的《早期教育和教育技术政策简报》中指出了学前儿童使用技术的四条指导原则：使用得当的技术可以成为儿童学习的工具;应利用技术增加所有儿童获得学习的机会;技术可用于加强家庭、学前教育机构与儿童之间的关系;有效的学习取决于成人与儿童的互动或共同使用技术。指导原则的发布启示我们：应关注数字时代儿童的权利保护;加强从业人员的技术素养;加大对儿童技术使用的相关研究。     

幼儿园开展0-3岁早期教育服务指导的现状调查与分析——以陕西省为例

采用问卷法,面向全省范围内的幼儿园及0-3岁婴幼儿家长进行问卷调研,了解已开展过0-3岁早期教育服务指导的幼儿园基本现状,以及幼儿园对于开展0-3岁早期教育服务指导的总体意愿;了解家长在0-3岁早期教育方面的需求及现状。调查分析发现,幼儿园超半数有开展0-3岁早期教育服务指导工作的意愿;幼儿园受家长认可、最突出的优势是“办园规范,值得信赖”;服务指导最主要形式为亲子活动和托班;政策、师资、资金是所需的主要支持。据此建议应及早出台相关具体政策规范幼儿园开展0-3岁早期教育指导服务,幼儿园也应从师资、形式、内容、场地、时间等方面提升专业性、兼顾灵活性以满足家长需求,幼儿园开展0-3岁早期教育指导服务应在先总结典型经验的基础上逐步推广。     

利他倾向、有限理性与农民绿色农业技术采纳行为

农业面源污染问题广受关注,绿色农业技术推广迫在眉睫,但农民却行动迟缓,这是否说明农民重私利而无公德？利用冀鲁皖鄂四省1 372份农村入户调查数据,通过理论推演和实证检验,从利他倾向和有限理性视角考察了农民秸秆还田技术采纳行为。结果发现：除自利动机外,农民同时具有利他倾向,对具有生态福利属性的绿色农业技术有着良好的潜在认同与需求;但囿于认知不完全、外部环境不确定所引致的有限理性问题,农民在绿色技术面前往往表现为迟疑甚至退缩;秸秆还田的机械化、亲环境和劳动替代属性使得兼业、收入、经营规模和价值认知等成为影响农民采纳的显著因素。据此,强化农民认知的同时,将公共道德塑造融入乡村问题治理之中,不失为经济和制度手段以外推进农业绿色化转型的有效选择和有益补充。     

论技术进步对个人使用的负面影响

With the rapid development of information communication technology in the 20th century, the technological advancement has put a test on copyright protection. Meanwhile, it has also brought constraints on the individual use of works and the personal involvement in social and cultural lives. In the context of digital information, it is highly necessary to update the copyright protection concepts and Copyright Law so as to ensure the rights of citizens to participate in the cultural life of the community freely and to keep a balance between copyright holders and their users     

中国铁路现代物流研究综述

为提升铁路现代物流专业化服务能力、发挥铁路骨干作用,适应中国物流需求差异化发展趋势,为中国铁路现代物流发展提供理论和技术支撑,利用中国知网检索工具,梳理了最近20年公开发表的1 722篇以铁路物流为关键词的文章,以铁路现代物流体系构成要素为主要维度,对研究成果进行综述和研判。研究发现,既有的研究成果主要以铁路向现代物流转型升级为研究重点,涉及到铁路物流体系发展的顶层设计、物流技术及经营管理等若干领域,基本形成了铁路物流专业化服务体系理论技术架构,推动了铁路现代物流业务的发展;现有研究成果依然存在系统性不足的问题,原因在于没有针对铁路现代物流专业化服务能力不足的根本性问题,以经营效益为导向系统构建铁路现代物流发展理论和技术体系。因此,未来铁路现代物流研究的发展方向,将主要集中在以经营效益为导向的专业化服务体系建设,以及支撑专业化服务体系建设的网络规划、设施布局、装备研发、智能技术等技术方向。     

Unification of Dirichlet Methodology

In this article we provide a unified framework for solving Dirichlet related probability and waiting time problems. We consider a Pólya sampling scheme in which each time an object is selected, it is put back into the population along with c additional objects of the same type. By considering both fixed sample size and inverse sampling procedures, we unify the Dirichlet I, J, C, and D functions with their hypergeometric counterparts by extending these functions to Pólya sampling. We then use these functions to unify and extend the corresponding expected waiting time results.     

Great Expectatrics: Great Papers,Great Journals,Great Econometrics

The article discusses alternative Research Assessment Measures (RAM), with an emphasis on the Thomson Reuters ISI Web of Science database (hereafter ISI). Some analysis and comparisons are also made with data from the SciVerse Scopus database. The various RAM that are calculated annually or updated daily are defined and analyzed, including the classic 2-year impact factor (2YIF), 2YIF without journal self-citations (2YIF*), 5-year impact factor (5YIF), Immediacy (or zero-year impact factor (0YIF)), Impact Factor Inflation (IFI), Self-citation Threshold Approval Rating (STAR), Eigenfactor score, Article Influence, C3PO (Citation Performance Per Paper Online), h-index, Zinfluence, and PI-BETA (Papers Ignored – By Even The Authors). The RAM are analyzed for 10 leading econometrics journals and 4 leading statistics journals. The application to econometrics can be used as a template for other areas in economics, for other scientific disciplines, and as a benchmark for newer journals in a range of disciplines. In addition to evaluating high quality research in leading econometrics journals, the paper also compares econometrics and statistics, alternative RAM, highlights the similarities and differences of the alternative RAM, finds that several RAM capture similar performance characteristics for the leading econometrics and statistics journals, while the new PI-BETA criterion is not highly correlated with any of the other RAM, and hence conveys additional information regarding RAM, highlights major research areas in leading journals in econometrics, and discusses some likely future uses of RAM, and shows that the harmonic mean of 13 RAM provides more robust journal rankings than relying solely on 2YIF.     

The asymptotic equivalence between the iterated improved 2sls estimator and the 3sls estimator

In this paper we show that the 3SLS estimator of a system of equations is asymptotically equivalent to an iterative 2SLS estimator applied to each equation, augmented with the residuals from the other equations. This result is a natural extension of Telser (1964).