安全风险认知与抗生素违规使用：来自山东省畜禽养殖户的实证检视

利用山东省399家生猪畜禽养殖场户的调查资料,运用三阶段最小二乘法（3SLS）实证分析安全风险认知对违规用药行为的影响。结果显示,养殖户对疫病风险的发生概率与损失强度感知较强;对惩罚风险、市场风险与系统风险的发生概率与损失强度感知相对较弱,且形成的震慑力感知依次减弱;疫病风险、市场风险、惩罚风险的概率感知和损失感知对震慑力感知的影响显著,且损失感知作用强于概率感知;农户违规用药行为受疫病风险与市场风险的震慑力感知影响显著,惩罚风险与系统风险的震慑力感知对养殖户用药行为影响偏弱。研究指出,推进我国的“无抗养殖”进程,应充分发挥安全风险认知对行为选择的基础性作用,政府应加强对市场与法律环境的监管,全面降低动物疫病风险,提高不安全产品入市的违规风险代价,强化养殖者对安全风险的威慑力感知,为抗生素减用提供技术支持与外部环境压力。     

在《3-6岁儿童学习与发展指南》背景下我国幼儿园运用“学习故事”的方法探究

学习故事是一套来自新西兰的叙事性儿童评价体系,被教师广泛用来观察、理解并支撑儿童的学习,同时记录儿童的成长。为了促进学习故事的本土化,笔者以《3-6岁儿童学习与发展指南》为背景,以“学习故事”的三段式结构即注意、识别、回应为抓手,找到我国幼儿园运用“学习故事”的方法,即把《指南》作为观察、了解幼儿的框架;准确“识别”幼儿五大领域方面的发展水平;在《指南》的教育建议的基础上灵活运用四种方法支持幼儿的学习。笔者针对幼儿园运用学习故事提出建议：加强观察和解读幼儿的能力,促进教师专业发展;以幼儿为主体,鹰架幼儿学习路径;加强家园合作,促进幼儿“学习故事”的连贯性。     

Brother correlations in earnings in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden compared to the United States

The correlation in economic status among siblings is a useful “omnibus measure” of the overall impact of family and community factors on adult economic status. In this study we compare brother correlations in long-run (permanent) earnings between the United States, on one hand, and the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden) on the other. Our base case results, based on very similar sample criteria and definitions for all countries, show that this correlation is above 0.40 in the United States and in the range 0.14–0.26 in the Nordic countries. Even though these results turn out to be somewhat sensitive to some assumptions that have to be made, we conclude that the family and community factors are more important determinants of long-run earnings in the United States than in the Nordic countries. Received: 27 July 2000/Accepted: 7 March 2001 All correspondence to: Anders Bj?rklund. Comments from two referees, conference participants at ESPE2000 and the Canadian Employment Research Forum, seminar participants in Aarhus, Uppsala, Bonn, and Stockholm are gratefully acknowledged. We thank NOS-S for financial support. The Swedish data collection was also supported by HSFR and SFR. The Finnish data were obtained with support from the Yrj? Jahnsson Foundation. We thank Tom Erik Aab? for preparing the Norwegian data, and Esben Agerbo for computational assistance with the Danish data. Responsible editor: John F. Ermisch.     

青铜文物保护研究现状及发展趋势

介绍了青铜文物保护的研究现状 ,对已有的青铜文物保护技术进行了分析比较 ,指出其优缺点 ,重点介绍了BTA和AMT两种缓蚀剂 ,并且指出青铜文物保护研究面临的问题及发展趋势。     

面向企业需求的计算机专业人才3＋1培养模式与课程体系建设的探索与实践

以榆林学院计算机专业人才培养方案为例,探讨计算机专业人才培养模式的改革,面向企业需求的计算机专业课程体系建设,企业需求典型人才群的规格特征,形成3＋1的人才培养方案和＂按年级分段＂推进的课程体系统,实践表明,该培养方案可有效的提高学生适应企业需求的专业技术实践能力和就业能力。     

敌百虫的毒性、毒理及在鱼病防治中的应用

本文通过对敌百虫的毒性、毒理的分析，阐述了敌百虫在鱼病防治中的作用及其在生产实践中的应用剂量。     

六朝“三月三日”文人雅作中的意象探析——以“流水”为例

六朝时期出现了大量以"三月三日"为背景的诗赋作品。它们传达出基本一致的写作倾向:或为应诏而作,或为惜时而发,抑或是表现悠游风雅的名士风度。但无论分属何种,文人都以"流水"为题,间接抒发了士人对政治清明的期盼,对生命意识的追寻,以及寄情山水的怡然自得情怀。     

基于集成化物流中心的蔬菜供应链金融模式探析

近来,“菜贱伤农”“天价蔬菜”“毒蔬菜”等问题频繁出现在我们身边,却迟迟得不到“根治”。文章提出了以物流中心为核心的高度集成化的蔬菜供应链新模式,着重分析了蔬菜供应链新模式的“四流困境”及其金融环境支持条件,并从宏观和微观角度,为蔬菜供应链新模式的推动与实施,提出了相关的应对之策。     

EVALUATING THEORIES OF BANK RUNS WITH HETEROGENEITY RESTRICTIONS

This paper empirically tests theories of bank runs. We use a structural panel VAR to extract runs from deposit market data. Identification exploits cross‐sectional heterogeneity in deposit insurance: we identify bank runs as adverse deposit market supply shocks hitting uninsured banks harder compared to insured. Conditional on a run, we study the behavior of uninsured banks with bad and good fundamentals. We find that both experience runs, but deposit outflows at the former are more severe. Panic effects, which affect all uninsured deposits alike, irrespective of fundamentals, dominate in the aggregate. Insured banks partially absorb the outflow of uninsured deposits.     

The effect of child care and part time opportunities on participation and fertility decisions in Italy

Economic models of household behavior typically yield the prediction that increases in schooling levels and wage rates of married women lead to increases in their labor supply and reductions in fertility. In Italy, low labor market participation rates of married women are observed together with low birth rates. Our explanation involves the Italian institutional structure, particularly as reflected in rigidities and imperfections in the labor market and characteristics of the publicly-funded child care system. These rigidities tend to simultaneously increase the costs of having children and to discourage the labor market participation of married women. We analyze a model of labor supply and fertility, using panel data. The empirical results show that the availability of child care and part time work increase both the probability of working and having a child. Received: 14 February 2000/Accepted: 20 February 2001