儿童社会情绪学习：Strong Kids系列课程介绍及启示

Strong Kids系列课程是儿童社会情绪学习的经典课程之一，包括5个相对独立的版本，具有扎实的理论基础，是一项方便、经济且见效快的短期预防干预项目，能有效地预防和减少儿童的情绪行为障碍，提升儿童的社会情绪能力。该课程的设计、内容及形式等都值得为他人所借鉴。为此，笔者通过对Strong Kids系列课程的理论基础、主要内容及应用的阐述，探讨该课程的优势及对我国儿童社会情绪学习课程开发与实施的启示。     

幼儿自然色彩教育：价值、目标与对策

大自然是色彩的宝库，是幼儿自然色彩教育的最好课堂。幼儿自然色彩教育的根本目的不是掌握色彩知识或技巧， 而是通过大自然丰富多彩的色彩美激发幼儿对自然美的敏感性、好奇心，培养幼儿的审美素质，萌发幼儿热爱自然的情感，培 养幼儿健全的生命意识。幼儿自然色彩教育应让幼儿面对活的、灵动的自然色彩，在自然情境中唤醒幼儿的色彩敏锐性，激 活幼儿对美的感受力，让幼儿在一花一草的色彩变化中体悟一种生命滋养另一种生命的神奇，感悟生命的真谛，从而学会感 恩自然。     

Child protection social workers' constructions of children and childhood: An integrative review

Social workers' constructions of children and childhood are central to how professionals interact with children and support their needs. The aim of this integrative review was to provide a comprehensive portrayal of child protection social workers' constructions of children and childhood. We analysed and synthesized 35 empirical studies with samples of social workers in the child protection domain where issues regarding the child or the child's situation were the study focus. The findings show that children and youth are constructed as a generalized group viewed in light of their parents. We see a fragmented and context‐free child produced by causal shortcuts strongly informed by specific and, at times, simplified and biased psychological knowledge. Moreover, we identify constructions of the child in need of protection and thereby position children as objects for intervention, separating that from children as subjects in their own rights. Although the participatory child is visible in the data material, the actual practice of involving children seems arbitrary.     

Children’s Disclosure of Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research Exploring Barriers and Facilitators

This study evaluates and synthesizes qualitative evidence addressing factors affecting a child’s decision to disclose an experience of sexual abuse. Childhood sexual abuse is a devastating crime, with long-term negative impacts. Understanding the factors that affect a child’s decision to disclose is vital. Disclosure enables access to support and protection, both therapeutically and legally. A systematic review was conducted focusing on factors affecting a child’s decision to disclose an experience of sexual abuse. Seven studies were identified, quality appraisal undertaken, and meta-ethnography used to synthesize the studies. Six new super-ordinate themes were developed: Fear of what will happen; Others’ reactions: fear of disbelief; Emotions and impact of the abuse; An opportunity to tell; Concern for self and others; and Feelings toward the abuser. Themes indicated the importance of support, structure, and opportunity to facilitate disclosure and should be utilized by agencies to develop practices that facilitate disclosures.     

Children of prisoners: exploring the impact of families' reappraisal of the role and status of the imprisoned parent on children's coping strategies

Qualitative data from a larger study on the impact of parental imprisonment in four countries found that children of prisoners face fundamentally similar psychological and social challenges. The ways that children cope, however, are influenced by the interpretative frame adopted by the adults around them, and by how issues of parental imprisonment are talked about in their families. This article argues that families have to reappraise their view of the imprisoned parent and then decide on their policy for how to deal with this publicly. Their approach may be based on openness and honesty or may emphasise privacy and secrecy, or a combination of these. Children are likely to be influenced by their parents'/carers' views, although these may cause conflict for them. Where parents/carers retain a positive view of the imprisoned parent, children are likely to benefit; where parents/carers feel issues of shame and stigma acutely, this is likely to be transmitted to their children. This is important for social workers and practitioners involved in supporting prisoners' families and for parenting programmes.     

On the assessment of various factors effecting the improvement in CD4 count of aids patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy using generalized Poisson regression

An important marker for identifying the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in an individual is the CD4 cell count. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a treatment for HIV/AIDS (AIDS, acquired immune-deficiency syndrome) which prolongs and improves the lives of patients by improving the CD4 cell count and strengthen the immune system. This strengthening of the immune system in terms of CD4 count, not only depends on various biological factors, but also other behavioral factors. Previous studies have shown the effect of CD4 count on the mortality, but nobody has attempted to study the factors which are likely to influence the improvement in CD4 count of patients diagnosed of AIDS and undergoing ART. In this paper, we use Poisson regression model (GPR) for exploring the effect of various socio-demographic covariates such as age, gender, geographical location, and drug usage on the improvement in the CD4 count of AIDS patients. However, if the CD4 count data suffers from under or overdispersion, we use GPR model and compare it with negative binomial distribution. Finally, the model is applied for the analysis of data on patients undergoing the ART in the Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Delhi, India. The data exhibited overdispersion and hence, GPR model provided the best fit.     

Advice to mothers about managing children's behaviours in Canada's premier woman's magazine: a comparison of 1945–1956 with 1990–2010

Recent research and theorizing has characterized contemporary mothering as medicalized, intensive and risky. The rate of diagnosis of children's mental health issues has grown rapidly, particularly since the 90s. This paper examines the construction of mothering in regard to children's behaviours and mental health through an exploratory and qualitative content analysis of the portrayal of advice to mothers in Chatelaine Magazine, the premier women's magazine published in Canada. The time periods chosen for comparison were 1945–1956 and 1990–2010. The first period was selected because it was a time of dramatic changes that occurred in family, occupational and domestic life for women immediately after World War II. The second represents the modern period. The findings of the paper suggest that mothering was intensive, medicalized and risky in both periods although the conceptualizations of problems differed.     

恩施烟地土壤和烤烟团棵期硒含量与分布的研究

对湖北省恩施市几个主要产烟区的烟地土壤的调查分析和对烤烟盆栽试验结果的分析表明,烟地土壤含硒量因土壤母质而异,并与土壤有机碳含量呈正相关,其分布随土壤深度增加而减少;烤烟团棵期含硒量随土壤含硒量和土壤施硒量的增加而增加,并呈现出地下部分大于地上部分的分布规律。     

依赖与独立：养老方式选择的二维困境分析

资源依赖与独立自主是目前城乡居民家庭养老方式选择中必然面临的问题,但是二者之间存在着张力,难以同时兼顾,这便形成了选择的二维困境。为了研究城乡居民家庭养老方式选择中如何平衡二者之间张力的问题,对84户居民家庭养老方式选择进行了调查分析,采用多案例比较法,选取3户典型家庭作为代表,总结出三种张力平衡模式：偏依赖型、偏独立型及均衡型。分析发现：偏依赖型居民家庭数量最多,均衡型数量最少;偏依赖型与偏独立型都存在不同程度的选择风险,均衡型是较为理想的选择模式;理想状态下,偏依赖型与偏独立型可以转化为均衡型。     

基于蒙台梭利儿童观对幼儿园主题活动的思考

上个世纪80年代以来,蒙台梭利教育机构遍布我国各地。蒙台梭利儿童观是蒙台梭利教育的核心,其致力于充分发挥儿童的主体作用并促进其各项素质的全面发展,幼儿园主题活动关乎幼儿的全面发展。目前,我国的幼儿园主题活动存在脱离儿童经验、重知识而轻情感、主题活动缺乏层次感与整体性等问题。从蒙台梭利的儿童观出发,提出幼儿园要创设尊重儿童个性与经验,开展开放、温馨自由的主题活动。