2型糖尿病血糖水平与IL-6和TNF-α的相关性研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）血糖水平与IL-6和TNF-α相关性。方法采用酶联免疫分析法检测35例初诊T2DM患者27例血糖控制良好（HbA1c〈7%）T2DM患者及20例糖耐量正常的健康对照者的IL-6和TNF-α水平,同时监测空腹血糖（FPG）、胰岛素、C反应蛋白（CRP）水平及体重指数（BMI）等。结果初诊T2DM组血清胰岛素、各炎症因子及血糖水平均高于健康对照组（P〈0.01）,而血糖控制良好T2DM组TNF-α和IL-6浓度与健康对照组无差异。相关分析显示IL-6和TNF-α与性别、BMI和空腹胰岛素等均不相关,但与空腹血糖（r=0.38,P=0.03）呈显著正相关,与总胆固醇呈显著负相关（r=-0.19,P=0.04）。结论人类空腹血清IL-6和TNF-α水平在T2DM病人中明显升高,其与血糖浓度有关,与肥胖关系不明显。     

Hormesis: A Highly Generalizable and Reproducible Phenomenon With Important Implications for Risk Assessment

From a comprehensive search of the literature, the hormesis phenomenon was found to occur over a wide range of chemicals, taxonomic groups, and endpoints. By use of computer searches and extensive cross-referencing, nearly 3000 potentially relevant articles were identified. Evidence of chemical and radiation hormesis was judged to have occurred in approximately 1000 of these by use of a priori criteria. These criteria included study design features (e.g., number of doses, dose range), dose–response relationship, statistical analysis, and reproducibility of results. Numerous biological endpoints were assessed, with growth responses the most prevalent, followed by metabolic effects, reproductive responses, longevity, and cancer. Hormetic responses were generally observed to be of limited magnitude with an average maximum stimulation of 30 to 60 percent over that of the controls. This maximum usually occurred 4- to 5-fold below the NOAEL for a particular endpoint. The present analysis suggests that hormesis is a reproducible and generalizable biological phenomenon and is a fundamental component of many, if not most, dose–response relationships. The relatively infrequent observation of hormesis in the literature is believed to be due primarily to experimental design considerations, especially with respect to the number and range of doses and endpoint selection. Because of regulatory considerations, most toxicologic studies have been carried out at high doses above the low-dose region where the hormesis phenomenon occurs.     

汉魏六朝七言诗遭受冷遇深层原因论

七言诗是中国古代诗歌众体之冠,然而在汉魏六朝的一长段时间里,却长期遭受冷遇,其原因是多方面的,既有文学体制的原因,也有时代文类系统整体的原因,还有文体发展中由简到繁的自然规律的作用,七言诗经过在汉魏六朝小规模的发展,终于在唐朝追上了五言诗,与之并驾齐驱,进入了它的黄金时代。     

Employer‐oriented labour market policies in Sweden: Creating jobs and the division of labour in the public sector

In many European countries, greater importance is accorded to labour market policies in which employers are involved in activating unemployed people. Such employer‐oriented policies target employers’ demand for labour and attempt to influence their willingness to hire, train or guide (often disadvantaged) unemployed groups. Using data from a qualitative interview study of an employer‐oriented programme in a medium‐size city in Sweden, the present article aims to develop knowledge about how these policies are used to influence employers to hire unemployed workers and how jobs created in this context differ from regular jobs. The article argues that creating jobs through new arrangements for the division of labour, with the promise of relieving regular staff of unskilled tasks, may influence employers’ willingness to hire the unemployed when used alongside other kinds of policy instruments. However, the article also shows that this new division of labour, with programme participants performing mainly unskilled tasks, has been difficult to realize, as new staff gradually come to perform an increasing number of regular working tasks.     

后新公共管理时代的跨部门协同——评希克斯的整体政府理论

希克斯的整体政府理论既是对功能性组织模型进行反思与批判的产物,也是对新公共管理理论难以应对社会管理和公共服务需求日趋复杂化所产生的协同问题的一种直接回应。希克斯的整体政府理论形成了一种以跨部门协同为基本特征的系统化理论体系,其发展前景表现为宏观层面治理整合的整体治理与微观层面管理协作的网络管理。客观地评价希克斯的整体政府理论,对我国政府改革的理论与实践具有重要的参考价值。     

“国六条”政策背景下的客户置业市场调查报告

根据2006年国务院颁布的关于宏观调控房地产市场的六条规定和八项措施,通过对北京、上海、广州和深圳四个城市的置业群体、置业对象、置业目的、置业条件等因素进行调查,分析客户对90m~2套型的接受程度和市场期望,为开发商解决项目定位问题提供较详实的市场资料,对解决90m~2小套型住宅如何设计才能更好地满足中低收入阶层的居住需求问题,有较强的现实意义和社会意义!     

基于IPv6 anycast技术的负载平衡研究

对anycast技术在解决负载平衡时存在的不足进行分析,提出一种包含反馈技术的anycast下负载平衡的动态解决方案,并且对该方案的可行性进行分析。     

清代小说中的女性意识

清代小说中女性意识初露端倪。讴歌女性才能 ,主张男女平等 ,探讨女性问题 ,是清代小说的基本主题。清代小说中女性意识产生的原因是资本主义的萌芽及民主思想的产生等     

试用格雷马斯的“施动者模型”分析《聂小倩》

将格雷马斯的“施动者模型”符号学方法应用于《聂小倩》人物及叙事结构分析，可得出如下结论：第一，对结构较为复杂的叙事文本需要依据情节的变化画出几种不同的模型图，这是由叙事中共时与历时的矛盾所决定的；第二，与普洛普相比格雷马斯的图式更具逻辑性和概括力，但也更宏观和抽象；第三，读者为套用既在模型必须展开充分甚至过度的想象，难免产生对文本牵强或过度的阐释，此为该模型的弊端。这种方法可为结合西方文学批评方法解读中国传统文学作品提供一个独特视角，同时也可能面临新的问题。     

不断追求卓越完美的图书馆管理方法──谈六西格玛理论在图书馆的应用

六西格玛理论在图书馆质量管理中具有适应性，其核心思想与内容同图书馆管理的观念和许多实践做法不谋而合。六西格玛理论在图书馆的应用程序包括评价与定义、测算和分析、改进与控制等阶段。图书馆管理研究的深化与实践的发展，将会进一步凸显六西格玛理论的价值，其在图书馆的应用范围将不断拓宽。