Optimal lamination test of ethylene vinyl acetate sheets for solar modules

ABSTRACT

Solar power is inexhaustible and has become one of the most appreciated alternative energy choices. In the development stage, solar modules are subjected to relevant reliability tests to ensure a long lifetime and optimal power generation efficiency. After the lamination process, the performance of solar modules is closely related to the degree of crosslinking of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) sheets. Traditionally, the degree of crosslinking on EVA sheets is obtained using the chemical extraction method to measure the gel content of these sheets. Motivated by lamination data, this study first constructed a statistical model to describe the relationship between the degree of crosslinking on EVA sheets and lamination time. Next, under the specification limits of the gel content of EVA sheets, the optimal lamination time of solar modules was derived, and the optimal allocation for measuring EVA sheets was addressed. The chemical extraction method is time consuming and leads to high pollution. The latest method is differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), which measures the curing degree of EVA sheets as the degree of crosslinking on these sheets. This study determined the specification limits of the curing degree under the DSC method. An example is presented to elucidate the proposed procedure.     

浅议网络自恋及其边界规范

网络自恋形式各异,从群体自恋的网络语言到个体自恋的疯狂自拍以及他恋姿态的网络围观,无不体现着网民对现实社会的认识、思考。网络自恋的内容和形式挑战着网络自由的极限、社会道德和法律的底线,必须从网络技术、网络道德和网络法律规范方面进行规范。     

边坡可靠性指标及敏感性因素分析

我国铁路规范拟从容许应力设计方法转轨采用极限状态法。论文的研究内容为铁路规范的转轨提供了部分研究结果，首先推导了路堑边坡极限状态方程及可靠度指标的计算公式，然后采用JC法，计算了边坡的可靠指标，基本正态分布在2.5左右，取可靠度指标为2.5，失效概率为0.62％。然后计算分析了土性参数中γ值、c 值与 φ 值的变异性对可靠指标的影响，其中γ值和列车荷载的变异性对可靠指标的影响不大，c 值与 φ 值的变异性对可靠指标的影响较大。     

高校学报分层办刊构想

高校学报作为高校学术期刊 ,在展示高校科研成果、培养创新人才方面起着积极的、不可替代的作用 ,但目前高校学报存在“规模小、实力弱、业绩差”的问题 ,阻碍了其进一步发展。对此 ,提出高校学报分层办刊思路 :将高校学报分为“金字塔”形的三个层次办刊 ,每个层次遵循各自不同的办刊原则 ,通过各层次的整合 ,达到提高高校学报内涵质量 ,创建高校期刊品牌 ,实现高校学报跨越式发展的目的。     

管理科学科研选题及其研究方法探析

管理研究规范十分重视实证的研究,采取规范的研究方法就是管理研究选题要重视"原始创新性"和"唯一性",课题选择要与管理实践相结合。结合科学研究的一般规律,管理科学的研究有共性和特殊性。管理科学的科学研究规范和科研选题,尤其是纵向课题,必须考虑的因素。     

Regression Analysis of Multivariate Fractional Data

The present article discusses alternative regression models and estimation methods for dealing with multivariate fractional response variables. Both conditional mean models, estimable by quasi-maximum likelihood, and fully parametric models (Dirichlet and Dirichlet-multinomial), estimable by maximum likelihood, are considered. A new parameterization is proposed for the parametric models, which accommodates the most common specifications for the conditional mean (e.g., multinomial logit, nested logit, random parameters logit, dogit). The text also discusses at some length the specification analysis of fractional regression models, proposing several tests that can be performed through artificial regressions. Finally, an extensive Monte Carlo study evaluates the finite sample properties of most of the estimators and tests considered.     

卧底侦查概念评析

对卧底侦查概念的准确界定有利于明确卧底侦查行为性质,划定卧底侦查的边界,从而实现在惩罚犯罪的同时兼顾人权保障之诉讼目的.英美与大陆法系各国大都在广义与狭义分类的基础上界定卧底侦查概念.我国学者多认为卧底侦查宜采用狭义概念,但因其概念所强调要素的不同又区分为诸如“隐瞒程度要素”、“时间要素”、“潜入要素”、“审判证据要素”等不同的卧底侦查概念.在对国外卧底侦查概念比较研究的基础上,采用目的分析法,逐一分析我国卧底侦查的传统概念.传统概念吸收了过多的卧底侦查形式要素,遗漏了诸如欺骗、性质、规范目的等能够反映卧底侦查内涵的实质要素.从规范卧底侦查目的出发,卧底侦查概念宜包含启动原因、侦查属性及规范目的等要素.     

Decriminalization and Marijuana Smoking Prevalence: Evidence From Australia

This article uses the 2001 National Drug Strategy Household Survey to assess the impact of marijuana decriminalization policy on marijuana smoking prevalence in Australia. Both parametric and nonparametric methods are used. The parametric approach includes endogenous probit switching, two-part, sample selection, and standard dummy variable models, while the nonparametric approach uses propensity score stratification matching. Specification analyses are also conducted. A nonparametric kernel-based test is constructed to select between parametric and nonparametric models, and the likelihood ratio test is used to choose among parametric models. Our analyses favor the endogenous switching model where decriminalization increases the probability of smoking by 16.2%.     

Conditional specifications of multivariate pareto and student distributions

A random vector has a multivariate Pareto distribution if one of its univariate conditional distribution is Pareto and some of its marginals are identically distributed.A general method developed in the course of the proof of this result is applied also to characterize the multivariate Student (Cauchy) measure by one univariate Student conditional distribution.     

Testing the Stochastic Structure of Production: A Flexible Moment-Based Approach

Conventional production function specifications are shown to impose restrictions on the probability distribution of output that cannot be tested with the conventional models. These restrictions have important implications for firm behavior under uncertainty. A flexible representation of a firm's stochastic technology is developed based on the moments of the probability distribution of output. These moments are a unique representation of the technology and are functions of inputs. Large-sample estimators are developed for a linear moment model that is sufficiently flexible to test the restrictions implied by conventional production function specifications. The flexible moment-based approach is applied to milk production data. The first three moments of output are statistically significant functions of inputs. The cross-moment restrictions implied by conventional models are rejected.