Do preference reversals generalise? Results on ambiguity and loss aversion

Preference reversals are frequently observed in the lab, but almost all designs use completely transparent prospects, which are rarely features of decision making elsewhere. This raises questions of external validity. We test the robustness of the phenomenon to gambles that incorporate realistic ambiguity in both payoffs and probabilities. In addition, we test a recent explanation of preference reversals by loss aversion, which would also restrict the incidence of reversals outside the lab. According to this account, reversals occur largely because the valuation task endows subject with a gamble, activating loss aversion. This contrasts with the choice task, where the reference point is pre-experiment wealth. We test this explanation by holding the reference point constant. Our evidence suggests that reversals are only slightly diminished with ambiguity. We find no evidence supporting their explanation by loss aversion.     

Two separate effects of variance heterogeneity on the validity and power of significance tests of location

Heterogeneity of variances of treatment groups influences the validity and power of significance tests of location in two distinct ways. First, if sample sizes are unequal, the Type I error rate and power are depressed if a larger variance is associated with a larger sample size, and elevated if a larger variance is associated with a smaller sample size. This well-established effect, which occurs in t and F tests, and to a lesser degree in nonparametric rank tests, results from unequal contributions of pooled estimates of error variance in the computation of test statistics. It is observed in samples from normal distributions, as well as non-normal distributions of various shapes. Second, transformation of scores from skewed distributions with unequal variances to ranks produces differences in the means of the ranks assigned to the respective groups, even if the means of the initial groups are equal, and a subsequent inflation of Type I error rates and power. This effect occurs for all sample sizes, equal and unequal. For the t test, the discrepancy diminishes, and for the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test, it becomes larger, as sample size increases. The Welch separate-variance t test overcomes the first effect but not the second. Because of interaction of these separate effects, the validity and power of both parametric and nonparametric tests performed on samples of any size from unknown distributions with possibly unequal variances can be distorted in unpredictable ways.     

ICT and Rural Development: a Study of Warana Wired Village Project in India

In the present century, the advancements in information and communication technologies (ICTs) are changing the various components of human life. The changes in the ICTs have brought a positive impact in the process of public service delivery and socio-economic structure of communities. In India, e-Governance applications in the recent past have demonstrated their positive impact in minimizing the processing costs, increase transparency and support economic development by income generating ventures, increase in agricultural production, and improvements in health and education sectors, all of which promote the overall quality of life of rural people. This paper reviews the e-Governance initiative called the Warana Wired Village Project in the rural areas of Maharashtra, India. It evaluates the contribution of Warana Project in providing the transactional services for the rural people with the benefit of time and cost savings in obtaining the public services with efficiency and effectiveness and it also examines changes in agricultural productivity and improved quality of life due to the ICT services.

浅谈“Fe-Fe_3C相图”多媒体课件制作

文章从 CAI和传统教学的优缺点谈起 ,分析了“工程材料”这门课程的特点 ,指出了使用多媒体辅助教学的必要性。对于“Fe-Fe3C相图”多媒体课件 ,作者简单介绍了其主要内容及操作特点 ,并且对课件的制作过程及各种多媒体素材的准备作了较为详细的阐述。     

"C语言程序设计"教学中存在的问题与建议

文章指出在C语言教学中普遍存在的一些问题,提出在"C语言程序设计"课程建设中,应以程序设计和a实验为主,更新教学内容,采用新颖的授课方式,培养学生运用C语言解决实际问题的能力和创新能力.     

《微机原理与接口技术》课堂教学改革初探

简述了<微机原理与接口技术>课程的现状和传统教学存在的弊端,提出了通过精选教学内容、灵活运用多种教学方法组织课堂教学、注重理论联系实际与及时反馈等方式来提高课堂教学效果的改革探索,从而强化对学生应用微机解决实际问题的能力的培养.     

试论美国外交史学中的“威斯康星学派”之形成

美国外交史学中的“威斯康星学派”是一个富有特色的学派。该学派之所以能够在20世纪60年代崛起于威斯康星大学,除了威大历史上的进步主义史学传统这一丰厚的思想资源外,一个激进的史学家社区的存在,及紧密的私人情谊,是该学派得以创立的根本保证。正是通过威廉斯,美国外交史学中的“进步主义”传统才得以从查尔斯·比尔德、哈林顿一代,传递给了拉夫伯、加德纳和麦考密克一代;也正是威廉斯组建了一个人员基础雄厚的激进知识分子社区,并通过这一社区,把他本人以及拉夫伯等人置放在富有成果的思想脉络当中,从而获得创新的能量,然后打开局面,开宗立派。     

A simple test on the convergence of social security transfer in OECD countries

The growing trend toward globalization not only has aggravated international competition but also has increased interdependence among countries, inducing the need for harmonization and convergence of socioeconomic policies across countries. This paper examines whether the convergence phenomenon holds for social security transfers as a percentage of GDP in OECD countries, applying the traditional methodology of σ- and β-convergence.     

论皮尔斯的现象学范畴

受康德影响,皮尔斯极为重视范畴演绎,他试图找到比康德范畴更普遍的基本范畴.1902年以后,范畴演绎进入现象学时期,基本范畴最终确定为第一性、第二性和第三性.范畴演绎是皮尔斯哲学的基石,是皮尔斯建构体系最重要的方法和工具.     

党的四代领导集体的青少年道德观与启示

从毛泽东到胡锦涛的四代领导人的青少年道德观,是针对具体历史条件,对青少年道德建设提出的一系列论述的集中体现。从整体看,他们把青少年道德建设与中国特色社会主义相结合,与青少年健康成长相渗透,与青少年全面发展相统一,使得社会主义道德观具有了鲜明的方向性、协调性、时代性,体现出了鲜明的创新性。从“全面发展”到“社会主义荣辱观”的演进过程,是我们党的四代领导人青少年道德观的创新过程。分析与学习四代领导集体的青少年道德观,对于进一步推进青少年思想道德建设有积极意义。