所罗门商业美德思想探微

美国当代经济伦理学家罗伯特·C·所罗门认为,目前普遍流行的商业隐喻加深了人们对商业与美德无涉的错误认知,掩盖了商业活动应有的真实面貌。他以亚里士多德方式来考察真正的商业生活,并由此指出一条以亚里士多德美德观解决商业伦理问题的实现路径。所罗门以亚氏美德伦理思想为资源,重点讨论了在商业实践活动中个体与团体（企业）相统一的幸福生活并强调美德在实现“完整的人”与“完整的生活”中所发挥的重要作用。所罗门在亚氏美德观的基础上进一步探讨了基本的商业美德和企业自身的商业美德。     

The two-sample -test with a known ratio of variances

We consider the two-sample t-test where error variances are unknown but with known relationships between them. This situation arises, for example, when two measuring instruments average different number of replicates to report the response. In particular we compare our procedure with the usual Satterthwaite approximation in the two sample t-test with variances unequal. Our procedure uses the knowledge of a known ratio of variances while the Satterthwaite approximation assumes only that the two variances are unequal. Simulations show that our procedure has both better size and better power than the Satterthwaite approximation. Finally, we consider an extension of our results to the General Linear Model.     

Estimating the Lyapunov exponent from chaotic time series with dynamic noise

In this paper, we propose an estimator of the Lyapunov exponent of the skeleton for chaotic time series with dynamic noise and prove the consistency of the estimator under some assumptions.     

Estimating the Number of Block Boundaries from Diagonal Blockwise Matrices Without Penalization

In computational biology, numerous recent studies have been dedicated to the analysis of the chromatin structure within the cell by two‐dimensional segmentation methods. Motivated by this application, we consider the problem of retrieving the diagonal blocks in a matrix of observations. The theoretical properties of the least squares estimators of both the boundaries and the number of blocks are investigated. More precisely, the contribution of the paper is to establish the consistency of these estimators. A surprising consequence of our results is that, contrary to the one‐dimensional case, a penalty is not needed for retrieving the true number of diagonal blocks. Finally, the results are illustrated on synthetic data.     

Invariant tests based on M-estimators,estimating functions,and the generalized method of moments

We study the invariance properties of various test criteria which have been proposed for hypothesis testing in the context of incompletely specified models, such as models which are formulated in terms of estimating functions (Godambe, 1960) or moment conditions and are estimated by generalized method of moments (GMM) procedures (Hansen, 1982), and models estimated by pseudo-likelihood (Gouriéroux, Monfort, and Trognon, 1984b,c) and M-estimation methods. The invariance properties considered include invariance to (possibly nonlinear) hypothesis reformulations and reparameterizations. The test statistics examined include Wald-type, LR-type, LM-type, score-type, and C(α)?type criteria. Extending the approach used in Dagenais and Dufour (1991), we show first that all these test statistics except the Wald-type ones are invariant to equivalent hypothesis reformulations (under usual regularity conditions), but all five of them are not generally invariant to model reparameterizations, including measurement unit changes in nonlinear models. In other words, testing two equivalent hypotheses in the context of equivalent models may lead to completely different inferences. For example, this may occur after an apparently innocuous rescaling of some model variables. Then, in view of avoiding such undesirable properties, we study restrictions that can be imposed on the objective functions used for pseudo-likelihood (or M-estimation) as well as the structure of the test criteria used with estimating functions and generalized method of moments (GMM) procedures to obtain invariant tests. In particular, we show that using linear exponential pseudo-likelihood functions allows one to obtain invariant score-type and C(α)?type test criteria, while in the context of estimating function (or GMM) procedures it is possible to modify a LR-type statistic proposed by Newey and West (1987) to obtain a test statistic that is invariant to general reparameterizations. The invariance associated with linear exponential pseudo-likelihood functions is interpreted as a strong argument for using such pseudo-likelihood functions in empirical work.     

Family Psychoeducation for Hepatitis C Patients and Their Families: Recommendation for Clinicians

PsychoEducation Responsive to Families for Persons coping with Hepatitis C (HCV-PERF) is a multifamily psychoeducation group model designed to help patients with hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) and their families navigate the illness and improve their readiness for treatment. The purpose of this article is to provide information and recommendations for clinicians interested in using the HCV-PERF model. The article provides details of the intervention model and presents thematic categories that evolved from analysis of interviews with clinicians with experience conducting and facilitating HCV-PERF groups. Based on these findings, recommendations were developed to inform and guide the use of HCV-PERF.     

Does financial development affect income inequality in the U.S. States?

This paper examines the role of financial development on U.S. state-level income inequality in the 50 states from 1976 to 2011, using fixed-effect estimation. We find robust results whereby financial development linearly increases income inequality for the 50 states. When we divide 50 states into two separate groups of above-average and below-average inequality states than the cross-state average inequality, the effect of financial development on income inequality appears non-linear. When financial development improves, the effect increases at an increasing rate for above-average income-inequality states, whereas an inverted U-shaped relationship exists for below-average income-inequality states. To our knowledge, this paper is the first to examine the role of financial development on U.S. state-level inequality.     

Macroeconomic impact of public debt and foreign aid in Sri Lanka

Accumulation of public debt in Sri Lanka is raised significantly since the independence. It exceeded 100% of gross domestic products (GDP) in the late 1980s and the early 2000s. Although it has been declined in the recent past and becomes 79.3% of GDP in 2016; the high level of debt in a weak fiscal position of the small economy Sri Lanka is an issue of concern. In this backdrop, this paper examines the impact of public debt and foreign aid on income, price level and interest rate in Sri Lanka for the post-reform period. It is found that public debt in general and foreign debt, in particular, depresses income and stimulates price level. Domestic debt has some impact on the price level. On the other hand, foreign aid has a deleterious effect on both the income and price level. The foreign debt and aid have raised interest rate both in the short-run and in the long-run, while no significant impact of the domestic debt on interest rate is found. Based on these findings, the paper elaborates on some long-term measures for reducing the dependence on debt and aid in Sri Lanka.     

全球气候治理中的跨国城市气候网络——以C40为例

随着全球化的发展,城市作为次国家层面中重要的经济、政治和文化聚合体,成为全球网络中的关键节点以及全球气候治理中不可忽视的行为体.城市在气候变化面前的脆弱性使其更加积极发挥自身的资源、信息和技术优势,并且,这种在地方层面对于气候挑战的共同应对推动了跨国城市气候网络的形成.这一新的网络性治理形式为增强城市间的交流合作以及聚积城市层面的全球影响力提供了一个建构平台.从纵向上看,跨国城市气候网络为全球气候治理增添了新的次国家互动层面;从横向上看,为全球气候治理吸纳了更多的地方行为者,扩大了环境政策的执行空间.跨国城市网络还扮演着技术创新活动家和规范扩散者的角色,并且通过与各种外部行为体的积极合作来进一步推进城市弹性网络的杠杆作用.     

应用于考古数据处理的决策树算法研究

数据挖掘技术是在近来信息化进程的发展和人们对信息需求的快速增加的大背景下应运而生的一项新技术。考古研究的进步使得找寻考古数据之间关系、并以此为途径研究其背后的社会和历史发展规律成为主题,将数据挖掘技术引入考古研究领域正好顺应了这一大趋势。决策树算法是典型的数据挖掘中的分类算法。为了适应考古研究的具体要求,我们基于C4.5算法,提出了两点改进:增加了一个表示研究背景的参数向量以改进决策树算法无法充分利用先验背景的确定;改变了分裂判定准则——信息增益率的计算方法以提高算法运行速度。经过检验二者都获得了较好的效果。