作为宪法未列举权利的学术自由——美国最高法院的判例与法理

学术自由是否是一个法律概念、一项法定权利,历来是一个问题.在美国法上,学术自由作为大学和教师管理核心学术事务的权利,是一项由最高法院创制的宪法未列举权利.美国早期的学术自由依附于契约权利,体现了一种大学内部政策,即大学管理者在规章制度范围内通过签订契约而赋予教师的自由权.在“学术自由第一案”——Sweezy案——中,最高法院援引宪法第一修正案规定的言论自由权,将学术自由提升为一项值得宪法保护的价值,并指出其基本内涵是自主决定“谁来教、教什么、怎么教、谁被教”;在Keyishian判决中,法院迸一步明确学术自由是“第一修正案的特殊关注”,将其纳入了宪法权利话语体系之中.至Grutter判决,最高法院肯定了在高等教育领域,学术自由是一项独立的、未列举的宪法权利,并可先于其他宪法权利受到保护.相应地,对大学学术性事务的决定,法院必须在宪法规定的范围内给予尊重;尊重的程度,取决于决定是由什么样的主体做出的、需多大程度的学术技能、意识形态中立与否以及是否危害到了别的权利.     

浅议高职体育教育与专业教育相结合

高职体育教育是高职教育的重要组成部分,应充分发挥高职体育教学在提升专业教学效果方面的作用。     

科技期刊面对学术诚信危机

我国科技期刊论文相似率、重复率较高,论文造假现象相当严重,学术诚信已显危机。造价成本低廉、官本位的科研机制,及期刊界的利益驱使与道德缺失,是目前学术诚信危机的主要原因。广大编辑应立刻觉醒,自觉遵守学术道德,坚守学术诚信,严格审稿程序,堵住学术危机蔓延之源头,并建立科技期刊质量预警系统及信用评级制度及严格的失信惩罚机制。     

后学院时代高校知识生产模式研究

本文从作为知识生产主力军的高等院校入手,分析对比了学院式和后学院式两种不同的知识生产模式。在肯定了现有知识生产模式的同时,指出了其存在的弊端。在提高研究者及国家创新能力的前提下,提出了构建新的知识生产模式的合理化建议。     

学术第一,教授治学,教育家治校——对我国高校去行政化的思考

指出高校行政化的实质是社会官本位观念在高校的影响和官场文化对高校的渗透,去行政化的一个重要内容是树立新的大学办学理念,提出大学应树立＂学术第一、教授治学、教育家治校＂的办学理念。在大学发展的进程中,学术第一是基础,教授治学是手段,教育家治校是保障,三者有机结合,共同辅佐实现大学的历史使命。     

论医史文献的内在关系及其学术价值

医史文献是晋升中医境界的入门学问,其研究范畴主要是古籍。医史侧重于从时间维度来认识古籍内容的纵向传承演变脉络与规律,文献则注重从空间维度来认识古籍内容的横向时代价值。欲求古籍内容的科学诠释,应当从医史与文献两个维度进行研究。医史文献在中医学术的发展过程中,始终起着承前启后的载道作用;从研习中医的角度而言,医史文献学也始终具有登堂入室的传道作用。     

Document Delivery as a Supplement or Replacement for Serial Subscriptions

Abstract

Increasing serials costs and shrinking budgets present challenges for academic libraries to continue providing sufficient access to scholarly articles. Rapid document delivery services can serve as an effective means to fill the gap caused by serials cancellations. This column examines several of the existing document delivery service providers and addresses issues involved in their implementation.     

Social Policy's ‘Greatest Hits’

The ‘age of metrics’ or ‘the metric tide’ in the form of bibliometrics has largely by‐passed Social Policy. This study aims to broaden the focus from the most cited articles in Social Policy journals to discover the most cited works in Social Policy or ‘Social Policy's Greatest Hits’. It finds some 24 works with over 2000 Google Scholar citations, but only nine of these are by social policy writers. In terms of total citations, Gosta Esping‐Andersen's The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism is the clear leader by a significant margin, with the most cited Social Policy (or Social Administration) writers being Peter Townsend, Richard Titmuss, Ruth Lister and Jane Lewis. In addition to total citations, it presents citations per year, and ‘Social Policy citations’ (i.e. the use made of the work within the discipline of Social Policy). This list is headed by Gosta Esping‐Andersen and Paul Pierson, with the leading social policy writer being Jane Lewis. This article presents a set of the ‘most plausible contenders’ for the works with greatest influence within Social Policy or ‘Social Policy's Greatest Hits’. It is concluded that, even with its flaws, bibliometrics is an important approach to exploring the vast field of Social Policy.     

The relationship between financial strain,perceived stress,psychological symptoms,and academic and social integration in undergraduate students

ABSTRACT

Objective: Financial strain may directly or indirectly (i.e., through perceived stress) impact students’ psychological symptoms and academic and social integration, yet few studies have tested these relationships. The authors explored the mediating effect of perceived stress on the relationship between financial strain and 2 important outcomes: psychological symptomology and academic and social integration. Participants: Participants were 157 undergraduate students. Data were collected from December 2013 to March 2014. Methods: Cross-sectional data collection conducted using online survey software. Results: It was found that perceived stress mediated the relationship between financial strain and (a) psychological symptomology and (b) academic and social integration. Both models included first-generation status as a covariate. Conclusions: Results suggest that perceived stress is an important intervention target for reducing psychological symptoms and improving academic and social integration for undergraduate students. Implications for university health centers and mental health professionals include incorporating a public health model to minimize stress risk.     

Examining Familial-Based Academic Success Factors in Urban High School Students: The Case of Puerto Rican Female High Achievers

ABSTRACT

This article works to dispel the myth that Puerto Rican female urban high school students living in poverty are not capable of performing at high academic levels. This article attempts to counteract these beliefs by describing the four success factors that seven Puerto Rican female high school students attribute to their high academic achievement. These success factors are: (1) religiosity and extracurricular activities as sources of social capital, (2) affirming and maintaining a Puerto Rican identity, (3) maternal influences on students' academic achievement and, (4) the potential for caring teachers and other school staff to influence high academic achievement. Finally, our findings suggest that opportunities for Latinas and other youth of color are still inequitably structured in large, comprehensive high schools. Hence, we argue that schools must continue to bridge the large gap between themselves and the families/communities they serve and utilize the funds of knowledge and social capital that their students already bring to school.