全球价值链视角下的中美贸易隐含碳研究

本文在总贸易核算框架下,采用WIOD提供数据计算与分析了在GVC视角下中美贸易隐含碳排放量,并讨论了GVC分工对贸易隐含碳排放的影响。研究结果表明,在GVC视角下中美贸易的出口隐含碳排放主要来自出口国内碳排放,进口国在消费者责任原则下承担主要的碳排放责任;中国在与美国贸易中主要处于碳排放转出地位,但碳贸易条件有所改善;参与GVC分工是导致中国对美国出口隐含碳排放出现增长的主要原因之一,但也是中国调整出口隐含碳排放结构的重要途径之一。与GVC视角下的计算结果相比,基于MRIO模型的计算结果高估了中国出口隐含碳、碳排放转移规模以及碳贸易条件指数的实际水平。本文的创新在于将总贸易核算法应用到对外贸易隐含碳的研究领域,改进了传统对外贸易隐含碳的计算方法,有助于更为全面地分析贸易隐含碳排放特征及其碳排放责任。     

基于核算视角的企业部门固定资本存量估算

受固定资产基础统计资料严重缺失所限,现有对我国资本存量估算的文献很多未遵循SNA中先微观估算后宏观加总的核算流程,估算结果还不能反映我国不同部门资产积累的重要信息。目前基于核算视角的资本存量估算研究还比较缺乏,随着部门资产负债表在经济分析中重要性的不断提升,分部门固定资本存量的估算变得更加迫切。鉴此,本文充分挖掘了企业财务资料中可用的固定资产信息,系统论述了基于固定资产原价指标估算企业部门固定资本形成的合理性和可行性,在此基础上,以工业35个行业为例,运用PIM对工业企业部门设备和建筑固定资本存量进行了估算,并对估算细节作了尽可能的改进。本研究不但解决了企业部门固定资本存量的估算难题,同时也为除家庭之外其他部门固定资本存量的估算提供了可能的解决思路。     

会计监督与审计监督的关系研究

虽然新的会计法不但明确了会计监督的定位,而且完善了会计监督体系,但是诸多对于会计监督与审计监督关系的不正确认识仍然存在,并且阻碍着其职能的发挥。为了保证会计监督与审计监督正常发挥作用,有必要对其关系进行研究。会计监督与审计监督同属于经济监督体系,但具有各自独立的体系,在企业内部不仅不可相互替代,且具有互补关系。     

会计准则国际趋同度量方法拓展——模糊聚类分析法初探

一般认为,会计国际协调/趋同①包括形式协调(准则协调)和实质协调(实务协调)两个方面.形式趋同是实质趋同的基础和前提,是当前国内外会计领域研究的热点问题,也是会计职业发展的重点领域.形式趋同程度的检验无论对会计理论的发展,还是对会计实务的改进都至关重要.由于会计国际趋同程度的量化研究方法存在多例证现象,以致研究结论相互矛盾或难以解释.本文以会计形式趋同度量为研究内容,在对国内外有关文献回顾的基础上,针对现有度量方法的不足和会计准则本身的特性,提出了会计形式趋同度量的新方法---模糊聚类分析法,并以我国会计准则为例,在对比点、度量方法的选择、度量的内容等方面对该领域方法论和方法创新进行了初步尝试.     

会计准则强制性变迁下盈余信息价值相关性的变动

盈余信息作为重要的决策依据,其质量也受到关注,投资者期望财务报告能提供高质量决策有用信息,而盈余质量的高低很大程度上取决于会计准则的质量水平。2006年2月15日财政部发布了新会计准则,使我国会计准则的质量得到了实质性的提高,那么,我国会计准则质量的提高对盈余信息的质量产生了怎样的影响？会计准则质量的提高是否增强了盈余信息的价值相关性？本文主要以我国上市公司实施新会计准则前后的财务数据为样本进行了实证检验,经检验发现,随着会计准则质量的提高,盈余信息的价值相关性得到了不断提高。     

亚洲区域经济合作新领域：区域月良务贸易自由化

在对16个亚洲经济体参与的32件区域服务贸易协定进行经验研究的基础上,本文基于与多边服务贸易体系相对照的视角,对亚洲经济体参与区域服务贸易自由化的机制进行分析,并对亚洲经济体在区域贸易协定框架下的服务贸易自由化水平进行量化评估,以期在一定程度上识别区域服务贸易安排在多边服务贸易安排的基础上取得的进展。     

Confidence intervals for the mean of a population containing many zero values under unequal‐probability sampling

In many applications, a finite population contains a large proportion of zero values that make the population distribution severely skewed. An unequal‐probability sampling plan compounds the problem, and as a result the normal approximation to the distribution of various estimators has poor precision. The central‐limit‐theorem‐based confidence intervals for the population mean are hence unsatisfactory. Complex designs also make it hard to pin down useful likelihood functions, hence a direct likelihood approach is not an option. In this paper, we propose a pseudo‐likelihood approach. The proposed pseudo‐log‐likelihood function is an unbiased estimator of the log‐likelihood function when the entire population is sampled. Simulations have been carried out. When the inclusion probabilities are related to the unit values, the pseudo‐likelihood intervals are superior to existing methods in terms of the coverage probability, the balance of non‐coverage rates on the lower and upper sides, and the interval length. An application with a data set from the Canadian Labour Force Survey‐2000 also shows that the pseudo‐likelihood method performs more appropriately than other methods. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 38: 582–597; 2010 © 2010 Statistical Society of Canada     

绿色GDP核算理论与方法研究

本文在对联合国等国际组织所发布的《综合环境经济核算体系》中所提出的两种绿色GDP的核算路径进行比较研究的基础上,认为在国内生产净值的基础上通过扣减环境成本核算绿色GDP的路径虽然被学术界普遍认可,但有很多问题实际上已经陷入理论困境。因此,本文坚持绿色GDP的实质就是绿色经济GDP的理论观点,认为绿色GDP核算的关键是绿色经济体系的构建与模拟,而非核算方法的变革。本文将经济体系与资源环境置于同一个系统之内,对“绿色经济”模型的构建理论、模拟方法等若干理论与方法问题进行了深入研究。     

Towards a Multi‐level Approach on Frontline Interactions in the Public Sector: Institutional Transformations and the Dynamics of Real‐time Interactions

This study develops a multi‐level approach on frontline interactions in the public sector. Previous research suggests that detailed analyses of frontline interactions are essential to our understanding of how welfare services take shape when policies and rules are applied and negotiated in individual cases. The dynamics and performances of real‐time interactions have, however, rarely been analyzed as such. This study shows how the methods developed in the field of Conversation Analysis can contribute to this research. Our multi‐level approach integrates analyses of the policy‐ and institutional transformations that shape conditions for frontline interactions; and analyses of how policies and rules are evoked, negotiated and reshaped in the turn‐by‐turn organization and performances of interaction. The approach is applied on an analysis of how rules regarding financial aid are applied in an authority highly affected by changes in welfare policy towards standardization and detailed regulations. The empirical case is the Swedish Board for Study Support. The empirical study includes analyses of documents, interviews and analyses of taped telephone conversations. The study shows how institutional arrangements of standardization, detailed regulations, monitoring and depersonalization, structure the frontline work and shape narrow frames for officials' discretion in interactions with clients. The study also shows how rules are invoked and negotiated in recurrent practices in the interaction: in the careful design of decisions; in the investigations of alternatives and exceptions from the rules in order to find solutions to the client's problems. The analyses of concrete interactional practices clearly indicate that also a rule‐governed work dominated by task discretion involves recurrent negotiations, flexibility and local policy‐making.     

An Ethical Interpretation of the Nash Choice Rule

This paper provides an ethical intepretation of the Nash choice rule. In a setting in which (cardinal) utilities are interpersonally comparable, this procedure is characterised by an impartiality requirement and by the assumption that choices are not responsive to the agents' relative ability to convert resources into utility.