Concurrent consideration of product design,process planning and production planning activities

In manufacturing engineering, product design, process planning and production planning activities are often considered independently. However, in order to effectively respond to changes in business situations, such as changes in demand forecast, product mix and technology, it is desirable to consider them concurrently. For this purpose, a large-scale linear programming model has been developed. The model considers minimization of the sum of processing cost, late shipment cost and inventory holding cost as the objective, and concurrently selects product designs, and generates process plans and production plans. The number of columns in the formulation can be large and, hence, an efficient column generation scheme is developed to solve the model. The model and solution procedure are illustrated with examples.     

Inequality for equireplicated n-ary block designs with unequal block sizes

It is shown that certain inequalities known for binary, equireplicated, equiblock-sized block designs remain valid for equireplicated n-ary block designs with unequal block sizes. The approach used here is based on the spectral expansion of the C-matrix of the block design. The main theorems include some useful and combinatorially interesting results.     

Optimal estimation of a finite population mean under generalized random permutation models

Employing certain generalized random permutation models and a general class of linear estimators of a finite population mean, it is shown that many of the conventional estimators are “optimal” in the sense of minimum average mean square error. Simple proofs are provided by using a well-known theorem on UMV estimation. The results also cover certain simple response error situations.     

论集成电路布图设计保护法的特点

2001年4月2日,我国颁布《集成电路布图设计保护条例》。集成电路布图设计保护法作为一个独立的知识产权法律部门,它有自己本质的特点。首先,集成电路布图设计保护法有自己的保护对象。集成电路布图设计保护法所保护的不是集成电路产品,而是集成电路中的布图设计这一无形财产。其次,集成电路布图设计保护法有独特的保护条件,集成电路保护法并不保护所有的布图设计,得到法律保护的布图设计,必须具备以下条件:1.布图设计必须具有独创性;2.布图设计必须具有客现表现形式和可复制性;3.布图设计必须登记。再次,集成电路布图设计保护法有独特的权利保护期。     

以设计为主线、三维为核心的工程图学教学改革--现代工程设计图形学(MEDG)教学研究与实践

工程设计现在已发展到全数字化阶段,能使设计、制造一体化过程得以实现的核心是三维几何模型,二维投影图已不是这一过程所必需的文件.因此,在总结和继承原教改成功经验的基础上,我们对传统的工程图学课程进行改革,突出"三维"和"设计"两个重点,形成了现代工程设计图形学(MEDG)课程体系.     

E-optimal designs for three treatments

E-optimality is studied for three treatments in an arbitrary n-way heterogeneity setting. In some cases maximal trace designs cannot be E-optimal. When there is more than one E-optimal design for a given setting, the best with respect to all reasonable criteria is determined.     

Effects of Remanufacturable Product Design on Market Segmentation and the Environment

Despite documented benefits of remanufacturing, many manufacturers have yet to embrace the idea of tapping into remanufactured‐goods markets. In this article, we explore this dichotomy and analyze the effect of remanufacturable product design on market segmentation and product and trade‐in prices by studying a two‐stage profit‐maximization problem in which a price‐setting manufacturer can choose whether or not to open a remanufactured‐goods market for its product. Our results suggest that it is optimal for a manufacturer to design a remanufacturable product when the value‐added from remanufacturing is relatively high but product durability is relatively low and innovation is nominal. In addition, we find that entering a remanufactured‐goods market in and of itself does not necessarily translate into environmental friendliness. On the one hand, the optimal trade‐in program could result in low return and/or remanufacturing rates. On the other hand, a low price for remanufactured products could attract higher demand and thereby potentially result in more damage to the environment. Meanwhile, external restrictions imposed on total greenhouse gas emissions draw criticism in their own right because they risk stifling growth or reducing overall consumer welfare. Given these trade‐offs, we therefore develop and compare several measures of environmental efficiency and conclude that emissions per revenue can serve as the best proxy for emissions as a metric for measuring overall environmental stewardship.     

生态设计艺术研究的风向标——读刘文良《后现代语境下的生态设计艺术》

刘文良教授《后现代语境下的生态设计艺术》一书,聚焦于当前生态设计面临的诸多困惑,问题意识与对策探求有机统一,宏观把握与微观研究相得益彰,学术性与可读性完美契合,为其健康发展献上了系列应对之策,堪为当前生态设计艺术研究之“风向标”。     

Combinatorial Equivalence of Fractional Factorial Designs

Two symmetrical fractional factorial designs are said to be combinatorially equivalent if one design can be obtained from another by reordering the runs, relabeling the factors and relabeling the levels of one or more factors. This article presents concepts of ordered distance frequency matrix, distance frequency vector, and reduced distance frequency vector for a design. Necessary conditions for two designs to be combinatorial equivalent based on these concepts are presented. A new algorithm based on the results obtained is proposed to check combinatorial non-equivalence of two factorial designs and several illustrating examples are provided.     

The Impact of Competitive Strategy and Supply Chain Strategy on Business Performance: The Role of Environmental Uncertainty*

This article investigates the relationships among competitive strategy, supply chain strategy, and business performance while examining the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty. A total of 604 questionnaires were collected from three cities in China, and the statistical results show significant moderating effects of external environment on the relationships among competitive strategy, supply chain strategy, and business performance. Firms that primarily focus on a differentiation strategy emphasize an agile supply chain strategy. Cost leaders are inclined to implement both lean and agile supply chain strategies, but their emphasis on agile strategy is significantly greater in a volatile environment than in a stable environment. The choice of supply chain strategy does not appear to be an “either‐or” decision and firms could adopt either a lean or an agile strategy, or both, depending on the environment. This article provides significant managerial implications for supply chain practitioners to co‐align supply chain strategy and competitive strategy with the environment to improve performance.