The rise of regulation of the public sector in the United Kingdom

Governments not only regulate business and society but also themselves in the form of regulation of publicly owned and/or funded bodies. Regulation of the public sector involves regulators operating at arms-length from those they regulate using systems of standard setting, monitoring and enforcement. In the past three decades in the UK, regulation has become increasingly important both in terms of absolute resources devoted to the activity and relative to other forms of control (particularly self-control by public sector professionals and control within large integrated bureaucratic structures). These trends have, in part, been fuelled by executive politicians' attempts to control public services and demands from citizens and users for better quality and efficiency. In the past decade, more explicit and extensive review of regulation of the public sector has been undertaken. Whilst not as developed as private sector Regulatory Impact Analyses these reviews have promoted the use of techniques including regulatory enforcement pyramids and risk based regulatory approaches. — Special issue: New patterns of institutions.     

行政执法问题与对策

行政执法存在行政立法不统一，法律疏漏，执法追求经济收入，缺乏透明度，部分机关缺乏必要编制和经费，领导人员法治观念差等问题。推进依法行政，应当采取完善立法制度，增加法律的可操作性，执法与经济利益脱钩，建立行政公开制度，保证必要的编制和经费，强化领导人员法治观念等措施。     

Comparing clinical data with administrative data for producing acute myocardial infarction report cards

Summary.  We compared measures of hospital performance by using both administrative and clinical data sources. Hospital-specific mortality outcomes on 10086 patients who had been admitted to 102 hospitals with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in Ontario, Canada, were used as a test-case. Four and six hospitals were identified as having mortality that was statistically significantly higher than expected by using administrative and clinical data respectively, when model-based indirect standardization was used. When using random-effects models, zero and two hospitals were identified as having significantly higher mortality by using administrative and clinical data respectively. Approximately one in four hospitals changed at least two decile rankings when clinical data were used compared with when administrative data were used.     

中小企业创新现状与对策分析

创新是一个国家、民族兴旺发达的关键因素 ,是一个企业生存与发展的持续动力。本文根据中国企业家调查系统所作的《2 0 0 1年中国企业经营者成长与发展专题调查报告》,对大中小企业技术创新、管理创新、制度创新、观念创新的现状进行了对比分析 ,揭示了中小企业创新中存在的现实问题 ,并提出了相应的对策。     

行政伦理建设:构建社会主义和谐社会的关键

加强行政伦理建设具有极其重大的现实意义.加强行政伦理建设是真正确立行政主体的公仆意识的需要,是全面推进公民道德建设的需要,是公正文明的执法活动的需要,也是社会主义市场经济顺利发展的需要;对社会主义和谐社会的实现具有积极的促进作用.     

论科技资源共享管理机关的设置与职权配置

为了有效执行有关科技资源共享的法律、法规及政策,必须建立一个高效的管理机关。然而,科技资源共享涉及众多部门,牵涉利益巨大。科技资源共享管理机关必须与其他科技管理机关的职责相协调。在目前的情况下,设立科技资源共享管理机构需要首先考虑科技资源多头管理模式的现实及其改革路径。具体的方法应当是建立高层次、多部门参加的科技资源共享决策协调机构,并相对集中执行权。同时,在职权设定上应当尽量配置规划、指导、资助等职权。     

行政法学实践性教学的问题和对策研究

行政法学实践性教学作为沟通行政法理论和现实的桥梁,对培养和提升学生法律思维方式和法律职业能力极为重要。但是,我国行政法学实践性教学还存在着重视程度不够,教学内容有分歧,教学模式尚未体系化等问题。以行政法学实践教学目的和教学内容为出发点,针对存在的问题,提出了相应的对策。     

三雅园的经营策略与昆剧的命运

三雅园是晚清上海长期专演昆剧的戏园,也是当时昆班艺人的主要活动基地。在同光年间,因昆剧急遽衰落、戏园间的竞争异常激烈,其经营陷入空前的窘境。为扭转营业状况、挽救与其命运相联的昆剧,三雅园利用《申报》刊登广告,采用灵活多变的营销手段,并不断编演“新戏”等。这些经营策略顺应了晚清上海时代发展的要求,迎合了观众的审美情趣和消费心理,因此为三雅园赢得了部分观众,也给昆剧带来了些许生机,但没能从根本上改变昆剧和三雅园的命运,其中原因复杂,但与经营策略失当有一定的关系。本文的探讨将有助于进一步认识昆剧在晚清上海的生存状况,对于今天的戏剧经营出路和昆剧变革问题或许有所启发。     

在WTO规则下如何完善行政复议制度

随着行政管理活动的法制化,行政复议的范围正在逐步扩大,行政复议制度的作用日益重要;在其实施过程中收到的成效亦显而易见,但仍存在着一些问题。在不断推动中国法治建设的进程中,中国入世对现行的行政复议制度既是机遇也是挑战。本文以WTO对行政复议法的要求为视角,从行政复议制度的基本范畴及WTO对其要求着手,管窥WTO规则下行政复议制度完善的基本思想和实现途径。     

论BOT投资方式及其相关法律问题

BOT 是20世纪80年代初兴起的一种新型的基础设施的投资模式。本文简述了 BOT 概念及其 法律特征，并对 BOT 投资模式中所涉及的一些相关法律问题进行了探讨，从而肯定了 BOT 投资模式的巨大 潜力。