企业资本结构与产品市场战略

直到20世纪80年代,企业资本结构对产品市场竞争的影响才引起经济学家的广泛关注.对于这一问题的研究,存在着两种截然不同的理论结论:一种观点认为企业债务水平的提高会使其在产品市场竞争中更为强硬,增强其竞争力;另一种观点则恰好相反.事实上,企业的融资决策具有两种不同的间接效应:代理效应和策略效应.企业的融资决策在其代理效应和策略效应的平衡点达到最优.企业的融资决策与其产品市场策略之间的关系依赖于代理问题的性质、不确定性的来源及产品市场的特征等因素,企业的最优资本结构应该随这些因素的变化而变化.     

我国国家公务员社会保障制度研究综述

我国国家公务员社会保障制度推行十多年来,对稳定公务员队伍,提高政府的工作效能发挥了重要作用.但随着经济体制改革和政府人事制度改革的不断深化,这一制度在运行过程中也出现了一些需要急待解决的问题.通过对现有关于公务员社会保障制度研究的文献资料进行整理和分析,提出了公务员社会保障制度研究需要进一步深化的几个问题.     

官僚制的潮汐与我国行政组织体制的理性构建

70年代以后 ,西方各国先后进入后工业社会 ,与其相应的官僚制陷入了困境。于是 ,西方各国掀起了旨在否定官僚制的行政改革浪潮。而处于国际大背景中的我国必将受此浪潮的影响 ,但我国的处境又极为特殊。本文从我国的特殊国情入手 ,透析我国现阶段经济基础、组织及其文化的劣根性 ,从而判定我国尚处于官僚制不足阶段 ,必须强化官僚制的优点 ,弱化其缺点 ,并借鉴别国成功经验 ,对我国行政体制进行理性构建 ,建立有中国特色的行政组织体制     

科学执政、民主执政中的依法执政基本途径

依法执政或依法行政,作为执政方式最为直接、最为具体的基本实践环节或途径,在相当范围内反映着科学执政、民主执政的实现程度。这取决于《行政许可法》不打折扣地坚决实施,政府的依法执政职能方式从重管制向重服务转变;职能范围从“全能”向“有限”回归;职能性质由“专断”走向真正“民主”;职能习惯从主观随意转向严格的法治。     

考虑实体店公平关切的制造商线上入侵策略研究

在单一线下模式销售的基础上,考察制造商以转销模式进行线上入侵和以代销模式进行线上入侵这两种模式,通过数理推导和数值仿真得到的研究结果表明：（1）当实体店具有公平关切心理时,制造商进行线上入侵总是有利的。（2）当消费者对线上渠道接受程度较高且实体店公平关切程度较低时,制造商将以转销模式进行线上入侵;当消费者对线上渠道接受程度较低时,制造商会以代销模式进行线上入侵,并不受实体店公平关切程度的影响;而当消费者对线上渠道接受程度适中且实体店的公平关切程度较高时,制造商倾向于以转销模式进行线上入侵。（3）无论制造商选择哪种模式进行线上入侵,制造商的线下零售价格始终高于线上。此外,随着实体店公平关切程度的增强,线上渠道和线下渠道的零售价均会同步提高。     

The Impact of Authoritarian Regimes on Families … and on Therapists

Repressive powers require not only obedience on the part of the oppressed but also denial of the oppressive nature of their submission. While authoritarian governments are the focus of this article, this applies to any oppressive relationship. There is a slippery slope from experiencing the imposed nature of the oppressive rules to adapting to them to denying both internal and external evidence of their existence. To prevent that declining process becomes an urgent priority when totalitarianism appears on the political and interpersonal horizon, as it is to help people coming out of tyranny – therapists included – to recover the words and the agency lost in their previous experiences.     

对旅行社往来款项管理的问题及对策的探讨

往来款项是公司与客户之间的业务往来所形成的款项。在市场信用危机存在的情况下这种方式却导致企业相互间账款的拖欠现象越来越严重，造成企业往来款项负担增加，资金周转困难，影响到公司的正常经营。为此我们应积极寻求新的理念，及时解决往来款项中存在的问题，促进企业积极正常发展。所以，本文分析了中小型旅行社往来款项的问题，针对存在的问题提出相应的改进对策。     

The Common Assessment Framework form 9 years on: a creative process

Legislation within England states that local authorities should provide services for all those families in need. However, research has identified that regardless of the introduction of strategies to identify need and enhance family support, ongoing barriers to services adhere. Taking a social constructionist approach, this study explored professionals' experiences of the use of the Common Assessment Framework form. Data were collected in four different local authorities in two phases. Forty‐one professionals from a variety of agencies took part in semi‐structured interviews. Data were analyzed thematically. Findings demonstrate that the professionals experienced difficulties in working through the Common Assessment Framework process, for example, in completing the form and engaging families. This situation led to the more experienced and knowledgeable professionals utilising creative ways to successfully navigate the ‘referral process’. Such creative working practices included the terminology used to complete the form and how the process was ‘sold’ to parents, so that they could be in a better position to engage parents and complete the Common Assessment Framework form. Because of this, more experienced professionals seem to be able to accelerate the referral process in order to access much needed support services for children and young people.     

Tomorrow's Leaders and Today's Agents of Change? Children,Sustainability Education and Environmental Governance

Children are central to the rhetoric supporting global climate agreements, yet they are also envisaged to play a strategic role in materialising such agreements. Along with other household actors, children are implicated in localised efforts to manage global resource sustainability. As learners in educational systems that are being redesigned to encompass messages of sustainability, children are moreover positioned as ‘agents of change’ through sustainability education. Drawing on theoretical work on children's agency and interdependence, this review calls for greater attention to the structural and relational dimensions of environmental knowledge transmission to inform sustainability education. This is presented as one move towards constructing what Middlemiss (2014) terms a more ‘socially sensitive’ model of sustainable development.     

The prospectus of activism: discerning and delimiting imagined possibility

This article aims to articulate a new agenda in the scholarship of social movements. Specifically, it seeks to turn attention to the assumptions that undergird activism. Rather than studying movements themselves, we can study them as the embodiment of collective expectation in a particular public. We can learn more about the broader society in which movements are embedded by asking how activists and the public they seek to engage determine what is within the realm of possibility. I refer to the imagined horizon of possibility as the activist prospectus. To illustrate the importance of prospectus, I draw upon a case study of environmental activism in Samara, Russia. Ethnographic observation and analysis yield insights into subjective perceptions that help explain the weakness of civil society within Russia.