People as partners: Facilitating people's participation in public–private partnerships for solid waste management

Cities in developing countries are facing a double dilemma. On one hand, the urban population is growing rapidly, causing a huge increase in demand for waste management services. On the other hand, the traditional public sector is failing to respond to the increased demand for service. The public sector is constrained by resource and institutional limitations. It is often proposed that the solution lies in private sector participation. It is expected that the private sector, with its dynamism and flexibility, may fill in the service delivery gaps by forming partnership with the public sector. However, a third tier—the people—is often overlooked in the service delivery framework. Citizens can contribute significantly to service delivery. They can support the private sector with payment of service charges. But more importantly, they can play an active role in improving accountability and service quality of both public and private sector. This radical shift in people's role, from passive service receivers to active service partners, however, may not occur endogenously. External help from facilitating agencies may enable the public and private sector to form partnership with people for better service delivery. This article examines the role of facilitating agencies in developing tripartite partnership for solid waste management service in Bangladesh. The key lessons learned are: a number of obstacles prevented spontaneous partnership among the public sector, private sector and people; facilitating agencies were able to overcome the obstacles to form partnership of the three; and, the tripartite arrangement resulted in higher accountability and better service delivery.     

代理理论与中小企业财务管理目标

分析了代理理论对中小企业财务管理的重要性,指出由于中小企业与大型企业存在着不同的代理关系,因此中小企业与大型企业的财务管理目标有所不同,认为中小企业财务管理目标受到业主经理个人价值取向的重要影响,而具有多元化的特征。     

市场中介机构产权制度安排的思路与对策创新

对市场中介机构进行合理的产权制度安排不仅是企业实现跨越式发展和高效率运营的需要,也是激励企业人力资本和增强企业竞争力的需要.这一产权制度安排的内容主要包括:明晰企业初始产权,界定企业增量资产产权,确定合理的企业产权结构,以及建立开放型、多元化的企业产权.为此,在我国市场中介机构的产权制度安排中,可以实行结构性年薪制、实施期权与期股制度,推行职工持股计划,以及试行可转化薪酬制度.     

服务型政府建设的基本途径：政府创新

服务型政府是针对中国传统的管制型政府而提出的新概念。服务型政府是民主政府、有限政府、责任政府、法治政府、绩效政府。这是服务型政府的形态，也是服务型政府的目标。实现服务型政府目标的基本途径是政府创新。政府创新不是随心所欲，也不是标新立异，更不是标语口号。政府创新是在不断积累的基础上的新发现和新创造，包括理论创新和实践创新。只有通过政府创新，才能实现服务型政府的目标，才能最终建成服务型政府。     

行政管理革新与法治政府建设——应以法治和发展的眼光审视当下的行政管理新举措

当下深化改革的进程中我国行政管理新举措层出不穷且争议甚多,可从几个方面加以观察和评价:一是诸多典型案(事)例暴露出严重的观念滞后问题,必须克服戴旧眼镜看新事物的现象;二是内容丰富的行政管理改革创新是在宏大复杂的背景下进行的,最主要的背景因素是经济和政治改革的深化和科技革命的影响;三是我国行政管理改革创新的动向,是以人为本前提下走向柔性管理、高效管理和方法创新,重点是行政管理方式方法的创新发展,相对而言这是成本低、风险小、效率高、成效稳健、易达共识的路径选择;四是行政管理改革创新应坚持法治原则和实践标准等基本界限,防止借创新之名行营私之实。当下关键在于我们要以法治和发展的眼光去看待、宽容和冷静的心态去对待这些行政管理改革的创新举措。     

行政征收征用之公共利益的界定--在现行宪法语境下的思考

征收征用是现代行政的重要手段,而公共利益又是行政征收征用制度的核心,但由于这一概念的内涵的不确定性,从而使之成为侵犯公民合法权益的绝佳理由。因此,公共利益在宪法层面上的明确界定不仅具有理论上的意义,而且具有重要的现实意义。     

公司治理结构中的代理成本与审计独立性的相关性研究

本文从"提高审计独立性对代理成本的影响"和"代理成本的高低对审计独立性的影响"两个角度,对代理成本与审计独立性的相关性进行了理论分析,认为代理成本与审计独立性具有正相关性,并将这一结论作为研究假设,提出了建立数学模型对两者的相关性进行实证研究的思路。文章认为,要提高审计独立性将会导致公司代理成本的相应提高,反之,代理成本越高,被审单位从其自身利益出发,必然要提高审计独立性。     

公私合营（PPP）项目的规制研究

恰当的规制是公私合营制（PPP）项目健康发展的重要保证,同时如何对PPP项目进行恰当规制也是学术界研究的热点问题.文章采用文本分析方法,对PPP项目规制的内涵、目标以及规制体系的研究成果进行了综合分析.结果表明,目前宏观层面上的研究较少,一些学者只是提出了规制体系建立的思路与原则,大部分研究则集中在规制体系的微观层面即规制实施主体及规制工具等方面.动态的价格规制研究、规制体系中各要素间的关系研究及规制的可信性问题的研究是PPP项目规制未来的研究方向.     

‘Escaping’ managed labour migration: worker exit as precarious migrant agency

ABSTRACT

This article narrows in on the mundane yet extraordinary events surrounding migrant farm workers’ decisions to leave their state-approved employment and to seek a better life in Canada outside of state-managed circulatory labour migration. In so doing, this research contributes to conceptualisations of precarity, and of precarious status in particular, that are beginning to recognise its effects not only on workers’ economic survival, but also the more ordinary daily conditions surrounding workers’ sense belonging and personal autonomy. In their refusal to accept the terms of their contractual circulatory labour migration agreements through what is conceptualised here as an act of ‘escape’, workers claim a space of belonging that contradicts the precarity of their formal citizenship status. In carving out a space in which they may perform autonomy and self-determination in daily life, however, this rejection of contingent citizenship status intensifies the precarious material conditions governing workers’ relationship to the state.