The Death of a Dyad

The purpose of this study was to replicate a 1978 qualitative research project entitled "The Death of a Dyad." Twenty unstructured retrospeclive interviews were conducted wilh urban divorced individuals in order to test the validity of four phases in marital relationship dissolution and nine interpersonal problem areas. Through content analysis, contemporary inquiry also discerned four "diseased states." The nine conflict variables observed in 1978 continue to be problematic in marriages a decade later. The primary problem area in bolh studies was interpersonal communication between spouses. Seven additional variables were also found to be significant contributors to relationship dissolution.     

和战分途：南宋初年的政治转向——以孝宗朝政策迁移为线索

南宋伊始,宋金和战问题就一直是困扰着南宋政权的时代命题。绍兴十二年缔结的宋金和议,并没有成为维系宋金长久稳定关系的基础。绍兴三十一年,金人单方面撕毁协约南侵,加之随即登基的宋孝宗锐意恢复,宋金战争一度爆发并持续到隆兴元年张浚符离兵溃。在此期间,宋孝宗选人用事并不局限于道义型主战派士大夫,对实务型主和派士大夫及主守派政治元老也多加选用;在此之后,宋孝宗迫于符离兵败的政治压力与金人议和,锐意恢复政策主张转换为内修以图恢复的长远政治谋略。宋孝宗以邪正为标准的多元用人政策,与其对金强硬的政治主张既统一又矛盾,这种复杂的政策取向既切合即时的宋金政治局势,也为南宋制定内修以图恢复的长远国策埋下了伏笔。     

论中国商标合理使用制度的建构

欧美法律中商标合理使用主要包括“说明性合理使用”和“被提及的合理使用”两种类型。TRIPS协定第17条是商标合理使用的国际法依据,它并不限制成员在法律中只能规定“说明性合理使用”。当前我国商标合理使用制度存在较多不足,包括法律效力等级低、未规定“被提及的合理使用”、仅适用于注册商标、仅适用于商品商标、对“说明性合理使用”规定不详尽等。《商标法》修改时应进行完善。     

对构建“大中华经济圈”的几点思考

建立＂大中华经济圈＂是中国全球经济和区域经济发展战略的具体实践。作为同种同宗的＂两岸四地＂在经济全球化和区域经济一体化的背景下,应顺应时代的大潮,为中华民族的未来着想,尽快形成＂大中华经济圈＂。同时,建立＂大中华经济圈＂的基础已经存在,中国作为世界上的政治大国和经济大国,无论是从全球战略还是从地区战略的角度来讲,都需要建立以自身为核心的区域经济一体化组织,以更好地应对来自世界各方面的挑战。     

中巴自贸区服务贸易开放水平评估、提升方向及对策建议

借鉴卡尔斯坦·菲恩克和马丁·莫林尤沃的研究方法,本文对中巴自贸区服务贸易开放水平进行了测度,结果显示中巴服务贸易协定分别是中、巴对外服务开放程度最高的区域服务贸易安排。在中巴服务贸易协定中,中巴给予彼此的＂GATS＋＂承诺相对集中于＂商业＂、＂通讯＂和＂运输＂部门,且＂GATS＋＂承诺多表现于在服务提供模式3（多以＂允许外资拥有更多股权＂的形式出现）。从中巴服务部门竞争力对比状况和各自服务贸易开放实践视角出发,本文对中巴服务贸易协定下,中巴服务贸易进一步深入开放方向进行了研判,结果表明中方会在＂建筑＂、＂金融＂、＂旅游＂和＂商业＂部门,巴方会在＂通讯＂、＂商业＂和＂运输＂部门优先做出更深入承诺。最后,本文给出了一系列对策建议。     

多哈回合框架协议的达成及其对世界经济的影响

自WTO多哈回合多边贸易谈判2001年11月启动以来,谈判进程举步维艰。2003年9月坎昆会议破裂以后,多哈回合谈判陷入僵局,WTO的威信和多边贸易体制的前景受到挑战。在这一背景下,WTO各成员国在2004年7月召开的总理事会上经过艰苦努力,于2004年8月1日就多哈回合框架协议达成一致。该协议的达成是多哈回合谈判的转折点,它为多哈回合的最终完成奠定了基础。协议所确定的各谈判领域贸易自由化原则将对世界经济和贸易增长起到积极的促进作用,并有利于世界多边贸易体制的健康发展。同时,该协议可能进一步促使世界范围内贸易壁垒形式转化,并对全球贸易自由化产生一定的负面影响。     

Agreement between two diagnostic tests when accounting for test–retest variation: application to FFR versus iFR

In medicine, there are often two diagnostic tests that serve the same purpose. Typically, one of the tests will have a lower diagnostic performance but be less invasive, easier to perform, or cheaper. Clinicians must assess the agreement between the tests while accounting for test–retest variation in both techniques. In this paper, we investigate a specific example from interventional cardiology, studying the agreement between the fractional flow reserve and the instantaneous wave-free ratio. We analyze potential definitions of the agreement (accuracy) between the two tests and compare five families of statistical estimators. We contrast their statistical behavior both theoretically and using numerical simulations. Surprisingly for clinicians, seemingly natural and equivalent definitions of the concept of agreement can lead to discordant and even nonsensical estimates.     

论《巴塞尔协议》的性质

在国际金融学和国际金融法学界，对《巴塞尔协议》的性质都存有异议。通过对条约要件的剖析，认为《巴塞尔协议》不构成“国际条约”，在巴塞尔委员会成员国之外不是“国际惯例”，而只是一个不具备条约约束力但可能导致国际惯例产生的特殊文件。     

Jaccard-Spline index of structural proximity in contact networks

Network analysts are increasingly being called upon to apply their expertise to groups for which the only available or reliable data is a contact network. With no opportunity to gather additional data, the merits of such applications depend on empirical studies that validate the employment of structural constructs based on contact networks. Fortunately, we possess such studies in abundance. One of the strongest research traditions in social network analysis is the development of formal constructs that may be employed in analyses of networks. I suggest that greater insight into predictive success of network constructs may be acquired by addressing the following question: what features of the contact network in which a dyad is situated allow the prediction of other relations with an accuracy that validates the imputation of the latter given data on the former? In this article, I present findings on the structural contexts of dyads in contact networks and the relationship of these contexts with two fundamental forms of cohesive cognitive relations—accorded interpersonal influence and perceived interpersonal agreement. Based on these findings, I formalize a measure of structural proximity in contact networks with values that correspond to the conditional probabilities of these two forms of cohesive cognitive relations. The substantive settings of this analysis are policy groups with members who are embedded in contact structures based on regular interpersonal communication on policy issues and cognitive structures based on perceived interpersonal agreement and accorded interpersonal influence.