农业产学研合作中的知识产权与利益分享机制探微

农业产学研各方的协同合作,极大地推进了农业科技的进步和农业经济的繁荣。作为影响农业产学研合作中知识产权与利益分享机制,历来是影响其深度高效合作的重要问题,文章在综述诸多学者观点的基础上,发现目前农业产学研合作缺乏知识产权激励机制、缺乏系统管理、成熟度认知及归属上存在分歧等问题,据此有针对性地提出通过立法、健全知识化产权保护制度、构建风险共担的长效机制及利益分享机制等对策。     

新时期农业科普期刊办刊理念的转变——以《新农业》杂志为例

自20世纪八九十年代出现阶段性辉煌后,农业科普期刊逐渐走向低谷。40年老刊《新农业》杂志近几年积极探索发展新路,办刊理念从服务农业生产向服务新农村建设转变、从服务传统农业向服务发展现代农业转变、从待时向聚势转变、从独立经营向合力经营转变、从自我关门办刊向社会开放办刊转变,在刊物内容上拓展＂面＂,在报道方式上集中＂点＂,在环境营造上聚合＂势＂,在经营发行上建设＂渠＂,在资源整合上开发＂人＂,扭转了刊物整体持续下滑的被动局面,刊物质量、主要经营性指标和社会影响实现了较大跨越。实践证明,农业科普期刊传统的办刊理念已不适宜于农村政治、经济、社会的发展进程,这或许正是其衰落的根本原因。农业科普期刊必须审时度势,从宏观环境着眼,以科学、理性的态度重新审视自己,转变办刊理念,捋清发展思路,才能伴随中国农业和农村经济发展迎来新的上升期。     

发挥高校优势，立足服务“三农”，打造特色专业

农林高等教育承担着培养建设社会主义新农村应用型人才的重任,为此农林院校要充分发挥其教学和科研优势,不断加强特色专业的建设和发展,提升高校的办学功能。天滓农学院根据都市型农业生态旅游发展对人才的需求,充分发挥其农林学科优势,坚持产学研相结合,在都市型农业生态旅游这一特色专业建设上进行了有益的探索和实践。     

农业部门人力资本水平及其投资效率的研究

本文探讨改革开放30年我国农业部门人力资本及其效率问题,并与非农业部门进行比较。结果表明,农业部门和非农业部门人力资本总量均呈增加趋势,但农业部门人力资本占比呈持续下降趋势;农业部门的人力资本生产率低于非农业部门,全要素生产率在1990年前与非农业部门相近,但此后开始逐渐明显低于非农业部门,并有不断扩大趋势,前者差距的主要原因是人力资本的资本配置比的贡献不同,后者差距的主要是因为劳动力人力资本水平的影响效应不同;进一步考察人力资本重新配置,发现人力资本的自由流动虽然提高了整体效率,但也导致农业部门的发展萎缩。最后,据此提出对策建议。     

Comment vendre un produit incertain ? Activités de détachement et d’attachement d’une firme d’agrofourniture

This article examines the sales practices of a French agricultural supplies company whose products have uncertain qualities and contested effects. We show that this characteristic leads the sales technicians responsible for selling these products to develop arguments that make extensive use of a rhetoric aiming to detach the clients from their competitors. Given how difficult it is to establish an objective assessment of products’ intrinsic qualities, we also show how attachments are built around a broad-ranging solution that in particular includes providing consulting services for farmers. More generally, in the analysis of sales work, the commerce of these uncertain products invites one to think of processes of attachment and detachment in symmetrical terms.     

Vertical Farming: Social Work and Sustainable Urban Agriculture in an Age of Global Food Crises

Abstract

Environmental concerns, including issues of ecological justice, attention to sustainability, and focus on issues of food security have gathered increased momentum in social work. This article will trace the background of sustainable urban agriculture as a partial solution to the issue of global food insecurity and its impact on marginalised urban populations. It will review the development of a sustainable agricultural initiative called vertical farming and suggest that it holds promise for communities struggling with chronic food security problems. It will outline some tentative steps social work may consider in order to become more fully involved in support of vertical farming initiatives.     

Lost in Transnational Space? Migrant Farm Workers in Rural Districts

Abstract

In recent decades, theories of transnationalism have emerged as key perspectives for analysis of international migration. Drawing on Glorius and Friedrich’s (2006 Glorius, B. and Friedrich, K. 2006. Transnational social spaces of Polish migrants in Leipzig. Migracijske i enticke teme, 22(1–2): 163–180.  [Google Scholar]) model of transnationalism, the paper analyses the case of migrant farm labour in rural Norway and demonstrates how the social context of migrants’ work influences their building of various kinds of social-capital resources which are crucial for development of transnational space. The paper argues that circularity of migration is not sufficient to instigate full-fledged transculturation and hybrid identity-formation processes. In conclusion, the paper recommends that transnational theory should pay greater attention to the social contexts of migration and observe the limits of the theory’s application.     

马克思异化劳动理论视野下农民工问题浅析

马克思异化劳动理论揭示了私有制条件下异化劳动是决定异化外部现象的本质异化,可以为分析当前农民工问题提供理论借鉴。从中国实际来看,工业化、城镇化进程不充分是造成农民工问题的主要原因。农民工面临的各种不公平待遇突显出农民工问题已成为影响社会和谐的焦点问题之一。解决农民工问题,我国需要以促进人的自由全面发展为目标,重视农民工权益保障;还应当调整工业化、城镇化的战略部署,建立公平公正的社会机制。     

新农村多功能农业建设模式的合理性

科学发展观、新农村建设的基本特征、新目标、新内容以及新农村建设与农业多功能经营发展方式之间存在的耦合性,共同决定着我国可以利用农业多功能经营发展方式进行社会主义新农村建设。     

农业银行服务“三农”与市场化运作矛盾再探

农村金融已经成为我国农村经济发展的核心,同时也是制约我国农村经济发展的主要瓶颈。在详细分析农业银行政策性业务与市场化运作矛盾的表现与原因及对农业银行多年来改革经验和国外商业性金融机构对农村金融支持经验的基础上,提出了解决我国农业银行政策性业务与市场化运作矛盾的建议。