美国语境里的中国文化:华裔文化

美国华裔文学中的文化身份认同问题关系到如何界定异国文化中的中国文化问题。在美国的语境中,华裔所指的中国文化实际上是美国华裔文化,并非我们所认识的中国文化,其间的差异被想当然地忽略了。正因为如此,美国华裔作家所声称的身份认同往往与中国读者所理解的有很大的差异。讨论美国华裔作家的文化身份认同,首先要确定美国华裔作者所指的中国文化的内涵,以及其间的差异所具有的意义。提出“美国华裔文化”的概念适可解决这一问题。     

试析近年来台湾问题中美国因素的微妙变化

台湾问题是中美关系中最重要、最敏感的问题,美国是中国政府解决台湾问题关键的外部因素。近年来,中美两国顺应形势的变化和共同利益的需求,适时调整了各自的对台政策与策略,两国处理台湾问题更加理性、务实、灵活。美国政府逐渐加大了遏制“台独”的力度,并与中国政府在台湾问题上形成了某种程度的默契与互动,使台湾问题中的美国因素发生了积极而微妙的变化。     

Exploring African American and Latino Populations Perceptions of Parenting Education Programs: A Qualitative Assessment of Enablers and Barriers

Abstract

Parenting education programs aim to enhance the quality of parenting. Preferences vary between African American and Latino parents, but the context is not well known, and the ethnic/racial differences may have implications for parenting education programs. Focus groups were conducted with seven African American and eight Latino parents, and semi-structured interviews with eight key informants. This qualitative assessment provided information to identify barriers and enablers to participation in parenting education programs. Enablers included parental interest in learning about the developmental stages of their children, the convenience of locations and times, and incentives. Minority parents desired to obtain adequate parenting education. The scarcity of culturally sensitive programs, transportation, affordability, and childcare were significant barriers. There were both significant similarities and differences between the two parent groups. From the perspectives of African American, Latino parents and key informants, a range of resources are necessary to enable the participation and the delivery of high-quality parenting education. The findings from our research will help address the unmet parenting education needs of African American and Latino parents. Future research should work to develop a tailored and culturally sensitive parenting education programs to reduce the divergence between parents and service providers.     

从《亨利·亚当斯的教育》看美国文化变迁

美国历史不仅是一部工业化、都市化和移民化的历史,也是一部清教文化被消费文化逐渐侵蚀并最终替代的历史。作为19世纪与20世纪文化变迁的亲历者,亨利.亚当斯以其独特的社会地位和史学家的睿智,在其自传体小说《亨利.亚当斯的教育》中清晰地记录了那个变革时代的文化轨迹。对美国精神的反思和对未来的预见,使《亨利.亚当斯的教育》一书成为透析欧美近代文化的必读经典之一。     

《红楼梦》中的空白及其审美意蕴

曹雪芹不仅是一位才华横溢、艺贯古今的小说家,也是一位出色的诗人和画家。他在《红楼梦》的创作中将中国古代的绘画理论和技法融入笔端,创造了全新的表现手法。特别是对空白手法的运用,使中国绘画理论中“虚实相生”的美学思想得到了充分的表现,同时也对空白这一中国绘画技巧进行了创造性的运用,使其审美蕴涵更加丰赡、充实,其创造的意境更加空灵、开阔。     

社会性个体的生成：杜威的儿童研究及其社会理论意涵

本文通过集中讨论杜威基于儿童研究而进行的行动力教育,揭示实用主义思想对个体主义的具体理解。在美国镀金时代,孤立个体主义加剧了现代美国人的道德危机和社会分裂。杜威此时进行的儿童研究与教育改革,首要的目标是重新理解现代个体的行动结构和人格形态,以克服孤立个体主义造就的行动难题。利用“刺激—反应”的行动机制,杜威同时结合了自然力量和社会意识,力图在开展行动力教育的过程中塑造一种“社会性个体”。社会性个体一方面保留了源于自然的神圣性,另一方面又不断吸收来自社会的文明传统,以应对现代世界在人心和社会两方面的挑战。本研究有助于我们进一步理解美国社会学的早期思想根基并反思当下的生存处境。     

《种芹人曹霑画册》八幅图与《红楼梦》之关系探微

学术界对于《种芹人曹霑画册》的真伪莫衷一是,认其为真或倾向为真的学者大多从拍卖记录、书画鉴定、曹雪芹的交游者等角度来考察,从画作本身来分析者较少,且多针对单幅画或者某一首题诗进行分析。目前,学界尚未有对八幅画作进行整体性研究的成果,更缺乏将《种芹人曹霑画册》和他创作的《红楼梦》小说联系分析的论述。笔者认为,《种芹人曹霑画册》与《红楼梦》有一定的联系,其中隐含了不少《红楼梦》的情节和人物元素,可与之对看。     

Patterns of age‐based linguistic variation in American English1

In prior sociolinguistic research, speaker age has been considered the principal correlate of language change, but it ‘has not yet been explicitly studied as a sociolinguistic variable’ ( Eckert 1997 : 167). Consequently, little is known about how language varies across the life span. The present study employs key word analysis on a large corpus of casual conversation in American English to explore age‐based linguistic variation in spontaneous conversation. Analyses of the key words point to two major patterns of age‐based lexico‐grammatical variation: use of slang, and use of stance and involvement markers. Younger speakers' talk is characterized by an unusually frequent use of slang and swear words, and by a marked use of features indexing speaker's stance and emotional involvement, including intensifiers, stance adverbs, discourse markers, personal pronouns, and attitudinal adjectives; older speakers favor modals. These patterns are suggestive of functional differences in the discourse of youth and adults. It is argued that the expression of personal stance is more explicit and plays a key role in younger speakers' discourse.     

《红楼梦》的现代性与红学的解释性

《红楼梦》具有丰富的现代性 ,红学史描述应该关注各种研究现象的文化依据 ,揭示各种问题的学术传统、学理依据与各种流变形态 ;并对《红楼梦》的意义阐释、作者问题、版本问题等研究史各自的阶段性和主要问题进行评述。     

从不同翻译策略看意识形态对《红楼梦》翻译的影响

翻译研究的文化学派代表人物勒菲弗尔(Lefevere)在《翻译、改写以及对文学名声的制控》一书中提出了制约翻译的三要素:意识形态、诗学、赞助人。其中意识形态是最主要的因素。其理论的提出标志着翻译中的文化转向,译者的文化取向不同必然影响其翻译的策略,这点我们可以从《红楼梦》的翻译中得到证实。