Capitalizing the Crisis? Explanatory Factors for the Design of Short‐time Work across Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development Countries

This article looks at the financial and economic crisis 2008–10 in 18 Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development states and seeks to investigate explanatory paths for the subsidization of further education within short‐time work programmes. Several hypotheses are put to the test: first, a classical partisan difference argument; second, a varieties of capitalism approach proposing a successful joint rallying of employers and employees for subsidization in coordinated market economies; and, lastly, the merged hypothesis that right‐wing parties in a coordinated economic context might subsidize feeling the pressure to overcompensate an ‘issue ownership’ of left parties in the field of employee‐friendly policies. We identify four explanatory paths: coordinated economies in the sample subsidized when they were economically closed or highly indebted. The results also support our combined hypothesis, that New Zealand – a left‐governed liberal market economy – and right‐governed coordinated market economies of the non‐Scandinavian type subsidized.     

非线性Granger因果检验方法的检验功效及有限样本性质的模拟分析

为了克服传统Granger因果检验方法因忽略经济变量的非线性特征而导致结论出现显著偏差的局限性,非线性Granger因果检验方法在近年来正逐步成为经济学研究领域的重要分析工具。然而,迄今为止,学术界仍较少对非线性Granger因果检验方法在不同非线性模型中的有限样本性质展开系统性的比较与分析,因此,本文通过数据生成过程（DGP）,结合Monte Carlo模拟对Diks和Panchenko（2006）等主流的非线性Granger因果检验方法的检验功效、过度拒绝等问题展开比较研究,并对共同滞后阶数、带宽参数的不同设置可能引发结论敏感性变化进行深入分析,在此基础上我们从动态非线性滚动分析的角度对其有限样本性质展开进一步的讨论,并提出对未来非线性应用研究具有实际指导价值的若干建议。     

中国大宗商品现货价格指数的构建及预测能力研究

本文首先选取了我国国民经济中八个主要行业,首次提出并采用成分商品的“三重筛选”标准,选取了72种成分商品,先以成分商品的表观消费量为权重构建了行业商品现货价格指数,然后以行业规模以上工业企业的工业总产值为权重综合行业指数得到中国大宗商品现货价格指数。其次,基于已构建指数,采用谱分析方法研究发现：中国大宗商品现货价格指数领先CPI、PPI、CI三个国内宏观经济指数的期数依次为2.48个月、0.66个月、0.89个月,领先BPI、MyBCIC、CCPI三个国内大宗商品现货价格指数的期数依次为1.54天、1天、1.21周,领先上证综合指数的期数为13天,说明中国大宗商品现货价格指数具有很好的预警和预测能力。最后,本文用时差相关系数法对CSCPI的预测能力进行了定量检验,检验结果与谱分析结果一致,说明谱分析结果是稳健的。     

Importance sampling for signal extraction model in time series analysis

In time series analysis, signal extraction model (SEM) is used to estimate unobserved signal component from observed time series data. Since parameters of the components in SEM are often unknown in practice, a commonly used method is to estimate unobserved signal component using the maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) of parameters of the components. This paper explores an alternative way to estimate unobserved signal component when parameters of the components are unknown. The suggested method makes use of importance sampling (IS) with Bayesian inference. The basic idea is to treat parameters of the components in SEM as a random vector and compute a posterior probability density function of the parameters using Bayesian inference. Then IS method is applied to integrate out the parameters and thus estimates of unobserved signal component, unconditional to the parameters, can be obtained. This method is illustrated with a real time series data. Then a Monte Carlo study with four different types of time series models is carried out to compare a performance of this method with that of a commonly used method. The study shows that IS method with Bayesian inference is computationally feasible and robust, and more efficient in terms of mean square errors (MSEs) than a commonly used method.     

Coverage probabilities of nonparametric simultaneous confidence bands for a survival function

Simultaneous confidence bands provide a useful adjunct to the popular Kaplan–Meier product limit estimator for a survival function, particularly when results are displayed graphically. They allow an assessment of the magnitude of sampling errors and provide a graphical view of a formal goodness-of-fit test. In this paper we evaluate a modified version of Nair's (1981) simultaneous confidence bands. The modification is based on a logistic transformation of the Kaplan–Meier estimator. We show that the modified bands have some important practical advantages.     

提高我国人口平均预期寿命的路径分析

利用"三普"、"四普"、"五普"资料,在对我国平均预期寿命纵、横向对比分析的基础上,采用因子分析法,对我国人口平均预期寿命水平的影响因素进行定量分析,以探求"十二五"期间"人均预期寿命提高1岁"的有效路径。经分析可知:我国平均预期寿命目前已高于中高收入国家,其绝对增速逐渐放慢,相对增速加快。而提高居民消费水平与文化素质、改善医疗卫生条件与自然环境、缩小家庭规模、加快城市化步伐等是实现平均预期寿命提高1岁目标的有效路径。     

不同词汇量学习者猜词策略使用情况之对比研究

本研究通过猜词测试及猜词策略问卷调查,对60名不同词汇量的大学英语学习者在猜词能力及猜词策略使用方面进行对比分析,发现猜词能力和词汇量存在显著的正相关关系,并且不同词汇量学习者在猜词策略使用方面具有一定差异性;最后基于结论提出相关教学建议。     

晋中市煤炭产业集中度实证分析

煤炭作为我国的主要能源,在国民经济中占有举足轻重的地位。山西省晋中市的煤炭工业一直是全区的支柱产业。但在过去相当长的一段时间内,山西各个地区的煤炭市场出现"多、小、散、乱"的症状,煤炭产业集中度低,根据SCP分析框架,该行业产业集中度的偏低将导致呈现分散竞争型的市场结构,不利于煤炭产业的绩效。就晋中市煤炭产业为研究对象,对晋中市煤炭产业集中度及其影响因素进行实证分析,借助SPSS软件,确定该产业卖方集中度与其主要影响因素的数量关系,为提高晋中市煤炭产业集中度的途径提供建议。     

法律文本中“可以”一词英译现状研究

由于其自身语言的规约性,法律语言的翻译要遵循精确、统一和简洁六字准则。研究发现原立法文本中"可以"一词存在语义差异,而相应的英译多没有注意含义的不同,造成译文的含义与原立法文本的理解存在不同程度的差异。     

吉林省高技术产业与经济增长关联性的实证分析

采用灰色关联分析,对1995至2007年间吉林省高技术产业发展和经济增长的关联性进行实证分析,从高技术产业与其他产业横向对比进行关联系数测算,测算结果表明,吉林省高技术产业灰色关联度为1,作为主导力量拉动吉林省经济增长。