大学生思想政治教育的时代课题

面对前所未有的机遇和挑战,当代大学生思想政治教育要完成培养社会主义合格建设者和可靠接班人的历史使命,在当前和今后一段时期,需要重视解决几个重大时代课题。     

Measuring characteristics of e-cigarette consumption among college students

Objective: E-cigarette use among college students has increased drastically in recent years. This study aims to inform development of a comprehensive measure of e-cigarette consumption for this population.

Participants and Methods: This mixed-method study collected both quantitative and qualitative data from a sample of 43 experienced e-cigarette users from two college campuses, using a self-reported questionnaire and a semi-structured interview, in March–September of 2017.

Results: College student users found some of the consumption questions in national surveys difficult to answer. Switching nicotine levels, mixing flavors, co-using with alcohol and marijuana, using with others who were vaping or drinking, and vaping in a car or indoor space were all common. The participants defined “regular user” based on ownership of a device rather than on quantity/frequency.

Conclusions: A comprehensive e-cigarette consumption measure should cover the complex characteristics that are potentially associated with negative health consequences such as flavorings, co-use and social contexts.     

Diversification of Modern College Students＇ Roles and Transition of Their Professional Psychology

大学生社会角色随着社会的发展和时代的变迁不断被赋予新的内涵，体现出与社会期待相适应的特征。当代大学生社会角色具有过渡性、多重性与多变性特征，急剧的社会变革导致社会角色的多元化，加剧了角色冲突，增加了大学生在未来职业道路选择上的不确定性。大学生对社会角色的适应与转变深刻影响着他们的职业价值取向，使其职业心理体现出鲜明的时代特征。     

Trends in point-of-sale tobacco marketing around college campuses: Opportunities for enhanced tobacco control efforts

Objective: Colleges have implemented policies to limit tobacco use on-campus; however, the off-campus environment is often overlooked in tobacco control efforts. We assessed availability, marketing, and promotion of cigarettes, snus, and traditional smokeless tobacco (SLT) in a sample of communities surrounding 11 college campuses in North Carolina and Virginia. Participants: Between January-March of 2011, 2012 and 2013, 481 tobacco-selling retailers, including convenience stores, pharmacies and supermarkets, located near campuses were assessed. Methods: Trained observers completed annual point-of-sale assessments. Results: The percentage of stores selling (81.4% to 58.6%; p < .0001) and advertising snus (80.1% to 53.11%; p < .0001) significantly decreased over time. Convenience stores increased promotions of cigarettes (65.4% to 72.8%; p = 0.04) and SLT (3.1% to 23.3%; p = 0.02). Conclusions: Off-campus environments have abundant tobacco availability and marketing. Colleges should collaborate with state and local tobacco control advocates to address tobacco promotion near campuses to potentially decrease product appeal and access among young adults.     

When everyone goes to college: The causal effect of college expansion on earnings

In this study, we estimate the causal effect of college expansion on earnings using the example of South Korea in the 1990s where the college enrollment rate increased from just over thirty percent to over eighty percent over a fifteen years period. We compare the pre-expansion cohort and the post-expansion cohort in order to identify those who would attend college because of the expansion but would not attend otherwise (compliers). We, then, estimate compliers’ earnings gain from the college expansion relative to the earnings changes of two control groups: those who either would or would not go to college regardless of college expansion (always-takers and never-takers). We find a striking gendered pattern; for men, the earnings return to college expansion is moderate and mostly driven by the increasing skill price, whereas, for women, the return is significantly large even net of the skill price change.     

Gender inequalities in the college pipeline

In this paper, we present a comprehensive framework for understanding gender inequality in baccalaureate degree attainment. Our “college pipeline” model addresses two main shortcomings in prior research. First, we examine multiple outcomes and stages in the pipeline that lead to four-year college entry and completion. Second, we examine multiple different pathways that students can pursue in attaining a four-year degree. Our findings indicate that females enjoy a cumulative advantage over males in the pursuit of a baccalaureate degree, but with two important exceptions. First, although females are more likely apply to college at the end of high school, they are also more likely to terminate their schooling in a two-year college than comparable males. Second, females who make an on-time transition into a four-year college experience the greatest advantages over males, and females who delay entering the college pipeline actually do no better than males in attaining a bachelor’s degree.     

1950年代大学生的校园生活

1950年代,是中华人民共和国重建社会秩序的重要时期。大学校园里,学子们如饥似渴地上课、读书,渴望自己能为祖国的建设添砖加瓦。然而,频繁的政治运动以及义务劳动既挤掉了学子们的许多求学时间,又使他们的身心在疲惫中受到伤害。看电影、跳舞、唱歌、打球是大学生最常见的休闲方式,他们深深地陶醉在苏俄文艺作品所洋溢的浪漫与抒情之中,也在集体性的娱乐中放松自己。可以说,1950年代的大学校园既展现出乐观向上、奋发求学的热情,又流露着忙于政治运动、难以静心读书的无奈。     

Motivation for and use of social networking sites: Comparisons among college students with and without histories of non-suicidal self-injury

Objective: This research examines potential differences in social network use and motivation for social network use by non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) status. Participants: 367 (73% women; M_age = 20.60) college students were recruited in November–December 2011. Methods: A random sample of 2,500 students was accessed through a university registrar to recruit students interested in an online survey assessing NSSI and various health-related behaviors. Results: Social network use and motivations for social networks did not differ by NSSI status. Conclusions: Results suggest that it is not patterns of use or motivation to use social networks that could lead to concern about online behavior (i.e., behavior increasing risk of future NSSI) among those with NSSI history. Rather, future preventive and intervention efforts should address the NSSI-related content that is available online, since this is unregulated, often explicit, and commonly includes “pro-NSSI” content that may be problematic and increase risk among vulnerable individuals.     

大学英语生态课堂的构建

本文试图用生态学的基本观点和原理来指导大学英语教学。积极构建绿色生态课堂,让学生成为课堂的主人并得到和谐、优化的发展,使课程建设处于良性生态循环之中。     

GEC大学生小组工作模式探索与实践

小组工作（Social Group Work）,是社会工作专业三大基本工作方法之一,旨在通过有目的小组活动,协助个人开发潜能、实现成长。大学生小组工作,是以大学生为服务对象开展的小组工作领域。笔者运用行动研究方法,在近三年的实践基础上,提出＂GEC大学生小组工作模式＂（以下简称GEC模式）,即针对不同年级大学生所面临的实际问题,分别开展成长小组（Growth Group）、增能小组（Empowerment Group）、职业生涯规划小组（Ca-reer Planning Group）,真正实现＂小组伴我成长＂的理念。本文将阐述GEC模式的提出背景、运行机制、实践情况及评估结果。