Occupational risks, social insurance and investments in education

A link between social insurance and education policy is explored. Due to moral hazard full insurance against disability is not feasible. When high- and low-risk individuals can be identified second-best social insurance system entails cross-subsidies from the low-risk group to the high-risk group. Implementation of this second-best insurance however distorts the human capital investment decisions when education qualifies for a low risk job. Therefore, the second-best social insurance together with an education subsidy is a welfare improving policy. An education policy also has the role of establishing dynamic consistency of the government's policy. Received: 16 October 1998/Accepted: 8 September 1999     

Finite mixtures of multivariate Poisson distributions with application

In the present paper we examine finite mixtures of multivariate Poisson distributions as an alternative class of models for multivariate count data. The proposed models allow for both overdispersion in the marginal distributions and negative correlation, while they are computationally tractable using standard ideas from finite mixture modelling. An EM type algorithm for maximum likelihood (ML) estimation of the parameters is developed. The identifiability of this class of mixtures is proved. Properties of ML estimators are derived. A real data application concerning model based clustering for multivariate count data related to different types of crime is presented to illustrate the practical potential of the proposed class of models.     

氯化亚铜制备实验的研究

本文通过对氯化亚铜制备实验的研究,提出了以极浅黄色作为二氯合铜(Ⅰ)酸生成反应进行完全的标志.并对各种因素对制备反应的影响进行了研究,找到了最佳制备条件.试验证明本法安全可靠,成功率很高.     

一个零齐次核的Hilbert型积分不等式

该文给出了一个新的零齐次核的Hilbert型积分不等式及其等价形式,同时证明了常数因子的最佳性.     

THE MONOPOLY OF VIOLENCE: EVIDENCE FROM COLOMBIA

Many states in Latin America, Africa, and Asia lack the monopoly of violence, even though this was identified by Max Weber as the foundation of the state, and thus the capacity to govern effectively. In this paper we develop a new perspective on the establishment of the monopoly of violence. We build a model to explain the incentive of central states to eliminate nonstate armed actors (paramilitaries) in a democracy. The model is premised on the idea that paramilitaries may choose to and can influence elections. Since paramilitaries have preferences over policies, this reduces the incentives of the politicians they favor to eliminate them. We then investigate these ideas using data from Colombia between 1991 and 2006. We first present regression and case study evidence supporting our postulate that paramilitary groups can have significant effects on elections for the legislature and the executive. Next, we show that the evidence is also broadly consistent with the implication of the model that paramilitaries tend to persist to the extent that they deliver votes to candidates for the executive whose preferences are close to theirs and that this effect is larger in areas where the presidential candidate would have otherwise not done as well. Finally, we use roll‐call votes to illustrate a possible “quid pro quo” between the executive and paramilitaries in Colombia.     

D.H.劳伦斯中短篇小说复杂的性属观研究

在他的中短篇小说里,D.H.劳伦斯既表现了畸形的两性关系,也探索了理想的两性关系。畸形的两性关系主要表现为同性之爱、无性之爱、精神占有、社会化婚姻等。理想两性关系是建立在健康、奔放的性觉醒和性体验上的心灵与肉体的结合。D.H.劳伦斯对于两性关系的描写与其生活经历息息相关,同时也淋漓尽致地表现了劳氏复杂的性属观。     

自性化理论在文本分析中的运用——以劳伦斯《菊花的清香》、《母女二人》为例

本文选取劳伦斯的《菊花的清香》和《母女二人》两篇小说作为研究对象。在原型分析的基础上运用"自性化"理论对这两篇小说进行了分析,解释了劳伦斯文学创造力形成过程中的心理因素。     

劳伦斯精神生态观探析

英国现代作家D·H·劳伦斯在其小说创作中书写了诸如“阳萎男人”、“情感怨妇”、“精神困惑”、“灵肉分离”等几种精神生态失衡的人物形象。他们都是因征服、控制和占有欲望的膨胀而导致生命活力的衰竭和精神价值的消解。劳伦斯通过对这些人物形象的真实书写反映了其对人类前途与命运的深切忧虑与反思,从中彰显了其精神生态思想,同时也为当下重构和谐精神生态提供了参考和借鉴。     

Assortative mating among unmarried parents: Implications for ability to pay child support

Assortative mating is of interest to both theoretical and applied social scientists. Previous research is based almost entirely on married couples and parents. In this paper we use data from the NSFG to examine assortative mating among unmarried parents in the US and to examine the robustness of estimates of nonresident fathers' income based on assortative mating assumptions. We find that never married parents are similar, though not identical, to married parents in their choice of partners. White unmarried women are much more likely to have a child with a non-white male than white married women. On the other hand, unmarried women are more likely than married women to have a child with a more educated male. Received: 31 May 2000/Accepted: 2 January 2001     

Pay-as-you-go financed public pensions in a model of endogenous growth and fertility

Employing an overlapping generations endogenous growth model in which parents derive utility from having children and, additionally, expect children to support them in old age, this paper explores the interrelation between growth, fertility, and the size of pay-as-you-go financed public pensions. It is shown that small sized public pensions stimulate per capita income growth, but further increases in public pensions eventually reduce it. Fertility, on the other hand, falls by an increase in public pensions if they are either small or large. Medium sized public pensions, however, may stimulate fertility. Received: 9 September 1997 / Accepted: 10 April 1998