Posting Signs on the Bog: Fixing and Unfixing H.D., Imagiste

This article aims to reassess the modernist poet H.D.'s early poetry and to challenge certain critical readings of the early poetry in relation to H.D.'s expression of self. It argues that H.D.'s Sea Garden should not be dismissed as a false start, as a place where H.D. was trapped in a restrictive imagist aesthetic, but that the dramatic lyric as used in this collection of poetry enabled her to explore her bisexual self in multiple and multiplying (not split) selves, as both in a state of flux and as enduring through time. It examines H.D.'s work alongside other writers such as Tennyson and Woolf, drawing out common metaphorical structures and patterns and suggests that Woolf and H.D. in particular, were producing literary forms and representations which provide a radical challenge to processes of categorization—a challenge to the notion of category itself.     

Intergenerational redistribution in a small open economy with endogenous fertility

For pay-as-you-go financed pension systems, claims may be calculated according to individual contributions (income) or the number of children of a family. We analyse the optimal structure of these parameters in a model with endogenous fertility. It is shown that for both structural determinants there exists no interior solution of the problem of intragenerational utility maximisation. Thus, pure systems are always welfare maximizing. Furthermore, children-related pension claims induce a fiscal externality that tends to be positive. The determination of the optimal contribution rate shows that the widely accepted Aaron-condition is in general a misleading indicator for the comparison of fully funded and pay-as-you-go financed pension systems. Received March 12, 1996 / Accepted January 27, 1997     

The tube method for the moment index in projection pursuit

The projection pursuit index defined by a sum of squares of the third and the fourth sample cumulants is known as the moment index proposed by Jones and Sibson [1987. What is projection pursuit? J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. A 150, 1–36]. The limiting distribution of the maximum of the moment index under the null hypothesis that the population is multivariate normal is shown to be the maximum of a Gaussian random field with a finite Karhunen–Loève expansion. An approximate formula for tail probability of the maximum, which corresponds to the p-value, is given by virtue of the tube method through determining Weyl's invariants of all degrees and the critical radius of the index manifold of the Gaussian random field.     

On a new goodness‐of‐fit process for families of copulas

A goodness‐of‐fit procedure is proposed for parametric families of copulas. The new test statistics are functionals of an empirical process based on the theoretical and sample versions of Spearman's dependence function. Conditions under which this empirical process converges weakly are seen to hold for many families including the Gaussian, Frank, and generalized Farlie–Gumbel–Morgenstern systems of distributions, as well as the models with singular components described by Durante [Durante ( 2007 ) Comptes Rendus Mathématique. Académie des Sciences. Paris, 344, 195–198]. Thanks to a parametric bootstrap method that allows to compute valid P‐values, it is shown empirically that tests based on Cramér–von Mises distances keep their size under the null hypothesis. Simulations attesting the power of the newly proposed tests, comparisons with competing procedures and complete analyses of real hydrological and financial data sets are presented. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 37: 80‐101; 2009 © 2009 Statistical Society of Canada     

小学教育目标与教师专业要素构成提案研究

因应创意经济与知识经济发展趋势,教育变革周期不断缩短,目标取向思维模式是策划教育发展之权宜之计。运用六何法与诠释结构模式构造小学教育目标内涵、小学教师专业要素及其关联生成,期以帮助专业沟通与理解。依据台湾"教育法",归纳小学阶段教育特性为基础性、扎根性、试探性与衔接性,以H·Gardner提出的修炼心智、统合心智、创造心智、尊重心智与伦理心智概念,作为教师专业向度构造指标。     

张学良研究中的人性取向问题

张学良研究在民国人物研究领域成果是较为丰硕的,但检讨以往研究就会发现,和其他民国人物研究一样也存在着"简单化"、"脸谱化"倾向。导致这一现象的原因很多,但从学术上分析,研究视角的狭窄、研究取向的单一恐怕是最为主要的。为丰富张学良研究,人性视角不失为一个重要的研究取向:在以往偏重于政治、宏观研究的基础上,以马克思主义人性观为指导,调整研究主体姿态,从人所具有的自我性、历史性、总体性和主体性中把握人物的复杂性,并以"考古"的精神,走进人物的心灵,去发现构成"宏观"的微观、托起"崇高"的平凡、支配政治性的人性。如真能做到这样,无疑有助于研究的深化,或许能成为未来一个时期的研究指向。     

Log-linear models for mutations in the HIV genome

We discuss a general application of categorical data analysis to mutations along the HIV genome. We consider a multidimensional table for several positions at the same time. Due to the complexity of the multidimensional table, we may collapse it by pooling some categories. However, the association between the remaining variables may not be the same as before collapsing. We discuss the collapsibility of tables and the change in the meaning of parameters after collapsing categories. We also address this problem with a log-linear model. We present a parameterization with the consensus output as the reference cell as is appropriate to explain genomic mutations in HIV. We also consider five null hypotheses and some classical methods to address them. We illustrate methods for six positions along the HIV genome, through consideration of all triples of positions.     

Single use conservative confidence regions in multivariate controlled calibration

We consider a multivariate linear model for multivariate controlled calibration, and construct some conservative confidence regions, which are nonempty and invariant under nonsingular transformations. The computation of our confidence region is easier compared to some of the existing procedures. We illustrate the results using two examples. The simulation results show the closeness of the coverage probability of our confidence regions to the assumed confidence level.     

A p-value for testing the equivalence of the variances of a bivariate normal distribution

A p-value is developed for testing the equivalence of the variances of a bivariate normal distribution. The unknown correlation coefficient is a nuisance parameter in the problem. If the correlation is known, the proposed p-value provides an exact test. For large samples, the p-value can be computed by replacing the unknown correlation by the sample correlation, and the resulting test is quite satisfactory. For small samples, it is proposed to compute the p-value by replacing the unknown correlation by a scalar multiple of the sample correlation. However, a single scalar is not satisfactory, and it is proposed to use different scalars depending on the magnitude of the sample correlation coefficient. In order to implement this approach, tables are obtained providing sub-intervals for the sample correlation coefficient, and the scalars to be used if the sample correlation coefficient belongs to a particular sub-interval. Once such tables are available, the proposed p-value is quite easy to compute since it has an explicit analytic expression. Numerical results on the type I error probability and power are reported on the performance of such a test, and the proposed p-value test is also compared to another test based on a rejection region. The results are illustrated with two examples: an example dealing with the comparability of two measuring devices, and an example dealing with the assessment of bioequivalence.