Urban tree cover: an ecological perspective

Analysis of urban tree cover is generally limited to inventories of tree structure and composition on public lands. This approach provided valuable information for resource management. However, it does not account for all tree cover within an urban landscape, thus providing insufficient information on ecological patterns and processes. We propose evaluating tree cover for an entire urban area that is based on patch dynamics. Treed patches are classified by their origin, structure, and management intensity. A patch approach enables ecologists to evaluate ecological patterns and processes for the entire urban landscape and to examine how social patterns influence these ecological patterns and processes.     

略论新课改实用外语教学法的特征

实现外语教学课程改革,需要从课堂教学入手,分析外语教学中出现的实际问题并考量应对方案。为此,结合实例初步归纳出新课改实用外语教学法的基本特征,即:课堂内容生动化,教学方法多样化,互动合作的课堂表现形式。     

Quantifying the Distribution of Inhalation Exposure in Human Populations: 2. Distributions of Time Spent by Adults, Adolescents, and Children at Home, at Work, and at School

Using distributions of time spent at various ventilation levels, ranges of inhalation exposure in the population can be established. Distributions of exposure time were determined using results of a study by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) which focused on time spent by humans participating in various activities and the locations where the activities occurred. The daily at-home activities from the CARB study were assigned to one of three ventilation levels, generating aggregate time periods. Distinct age and gender populations were identified, and distributions for aggregate time were established for these populations at each of the ventilation levels. In addition to aggregate time spent at home, distributions for various ages and genders were established for aggregate time spent at school and work. By combining distributions of aggregate time with corresponding ventilation rates, the distribution of inhalation rates can be established for at home, at work, and at school exposures.     

日本在伪蒙疆政权时期的家畜防疫政策论析 ———以蒙疆家畜防疫处的活动为中心

1937年末日本树立伪蒙疆政权后,为掠夺该地区丰富的畜产资源,实行畜产统制政策,制定了《蒙疆畜产政策要纲》,计划实施马、绵羊等牲畜的改良增殖及家畜防疫,欲为其对外侵略战争提供畜产资源。为加强牲畜防疫,培养兽医及畜产技术人员,设立了蒙疆家畜防疫处及其派出机构,进行防疫研究、防疫用各种血清类的制造和兽疫预防工作。目的是保障顺利掠夺该地区丰富的畜产资源,为日本的战争经济服务。     

县域经济发展模式:基于产业驱动的视角

县域经济有四种发展模式:工业驱动型县域可以依托大城市的辐射带动效应,或者发扬传统文化、产业及体制优势走内生型工业化之路,或者通过开放搞活获得发展;农业驱动型县域则应重视农业及其延伸产业的发展,努力提高农产品的加工深度和附加值,着力推动市场主体和市场制度建设;第三产业驱动型县域需要以服务业的先行发展牵动其他产业的发展;资源禀赋驱动型县域则应敏锐发掘区域优势和特质,通过整合产业政策、生产布局、经营管理、战略规划等要素推动经济成长。县域经济发展模式选择的关键在于主导产业和特色优势的准确定位。应在合理利用比较优势的基础上,充分发挥产业之间及产业内部的联动机制和协同作用。     

破学科壁垒跨文化阐释——"中国文学人类学第二届学术年会"论文述评

“中国文学人类学学会第二届学术年会”于2008年5月13日至17日在湘潭举行。文章从人类学视野下的文学研究、从文化看文学、学科建设：中国文学人类学的可能未来等三个方面对本届年会的交流论文进行述评。     

民国初期全国性教育团体群落论

民国初期,以全国教育会联合会、中华职业教育社和中华教育改进社等为代表的全国性教育团体纷纷涌现并逐渐群落化。他们顺应时代的要求而产生,以不同定位满足教育界的不同需要;他们集中了教育界的优秀人物、当时著名教育家构成的群体成为社团群落的核心领导力量;他们都在不断的自我调适中找到了发挥作用的着力点,也形成了各自的特色,充分发挥了教育社团群落的社会作用。     

万寿岩“动漫旅游”文化创意产业发展模式与策略

动漫旅游文化创意产业是促进万寿岩文化宣传、推广、传承、保护的有效方式,产业发展中可借用经验先导性移用发展模式、形式探索性自主发展模式、多产业交融性联动发展模式、地域性同类产业价值链协作整合发展模式进行产业发展规划。应采取万寿岩动漫旅游文化创意产业园区建设、特色动漫形象设计宣传、童话文学与动漫影视作品及影视后产品延伸推广、客家节庆文化活动介入推动等方式推动产业发展。     

Dynamic Bayesian analysis of generalized odds ratios assuming multivariate skew-normal distribution for the error terms in the system equation

In this paper, we develop a methodology for the dynamic Bayesian analysis of generalized odds ratios in contingency tables. It is a standard practice to assume a normal distribution for the random effects in the dynamic system equations. Nevertheless, the normality assumption may be unrealistic in some applications and hence the validity of inferences can be dubious. Therefore, we assume a multivariate skew-normal distribution for the error terms in the system equation at each step. Moreover, we introduce a moving average approach to elicit the hyperparameters. Both simulated data and real data are analyzed to illustrate the application of this methodology.     

卢沟桥事变后日本转变对蒙政策原因探析

九.一八事变后,关东军将其侵略矛头又指向华北和西部内蒙古。先以支持“蒙古独立”为诱饵,笼络当时提倡蒙古高度自治的德王,终将其拉入自己怀抱。卢沟桥事变爆发,日本占领了西部内蒙古,为了更加有效地统治这一新占领区,由煽动“蒙古独立”开始转向提倡“民族协和”。政策转变的原因首先是为了稳固新占领地区的统治;其次是防止已实行“自治”的伪满洲国“兴安蒙古”出现离心倾向;第三是优先考虑维护与汪精卫伪政权的关系。