符号价值是商品的第三种价值吗

在符号价值理论的创始人鲍德里亚眼里,符号价值是独立于商品价值和使用价值之外的另一种价值,我国学者直接称之为第三种价值。实际上,符号价值既是一种特殊的使用价值,又是一种特殊的交换价值。     

生物组织中激光传输的Monte-Carlo研究

Monte-Carlo模拟了波长为515nm的激光在肺组织中传播情况,详细讨论了高斯光束和圆平面光束在组织中的吸收和光能流率的分布情况,并与波长635nm激光在组织中漫反射强度随时间变化的结果相比较。结果表明激光光斑形状选择对激光在组织中传播有重要的影响作用,并且得出在生物组织中近红外光波的穿透性比较强,更便于应用于生物医学。     

“养儿防老”观念的后现代主义解读

文章在田野工作所获得的材料和体验基础上,全景式展现了女性在目前农村社会生活当中赡养老人的真实情况;同时根据后现代社会理论家布什亚关于符号与真实之间的关系的论述和有关符号和真实等概念,对目前农村性别偏好现象进行了另类解读。     

澳大利亚能源监管新机制及其借鉴意义

澳大利亚通过能源管理体制的改革,形成了政监分离的能源监管新机制,这个监管机制对中国的能源管理和能源市场监管体系建设具有重要的借鉴意义。     

火焰原子吸收法连续测定人发中的微量元素

先用H2SO4将头发炭化,再用H2SO4、HClO4及H2O2溶解炭化物,利用火焰原子吸收法连续测定人发中的铜、锌、铁、钙、镁、锰。该方法相对标准偏差小于5%,样品标准加入回收率为97.6%~102.4%。结果满意。     

Using Decision Analysis: Connecting Classroom and Field

This paper reports on the findings of a small‐scale research project investigating the views of social work students on the use of decision analysis. After giving the context of the research, the article reports on what was found when students, who had just completed a Decision Making and Risk module, were asked for their opinions on the component parts of decision analysis, its use as a practice tool and their attitudes to using it on placement. The research found that the respondents in general took a critical and supportive stance towards the use of decision analysis in social work and, with extra teaching and a positive approach from their practice assessor, would be happy to use decision analysis. When the same group of students completed a follow‐up questionnaire on a placement recall day, half of them had thought about using decision analysis but only three had gone on to discuss this with their practice assessors. Some issues in relation to connecting ‘classroom’ and ‘field’ are identified and the paper concludes that a number of further steps would be necessary to realise the potential of decision analysis to help students be more systematic and analytical in their approach to decision making.     

国际禁止地雷运动中的非政府组织

地雷、特别是杀伤人员地雷,在世界范围内造成了严重的人道主义灾难,成为国际和平运动的控制对象。＂国际禁雷行动＂、红十字国际委员会等非政府组织掀起声势浩大的反对地雷运动,突破了大国主导裁军事务的传统框架,使地雷问题得到了较好地解决。非政府组织在动员舆论、推动国际社会形成禁止地雷的共识、直接参与了《禁止地雷公约》文本的起草并促使各国政府批准该公约、监督《禁止地雷公约》的执行、发展习惯国际法等方面做出了重大贡献。     

The role of economic and demographic factors in explaining time-use of single and married mothers

The number of households headed by single mothers has been increasing in recent years. Yet, little is known about how this growing segment of the population differs, if at all, from married mothers in their time allocation patterns. In the study reported here, a system of time allocation equations based on household production theory is estimated for both married and single mothers. The results indicate that married and single mothers make different decisions about how to allocate their time to household production, child care, leisure, and paid work. Specifically, single and married mothers responded differently to a change in their shadow wage rates, unearned income, paid child care, and the ages of the children in each of the estimated equations.A portion of this project was funded by the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station. W. Keith Bryant, Jutta M. Joesch, Robert N. Mayer, Ken R. Smith and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful insights at several stages of this research. Sarah Stiefvater and Susan Bruns provided valuable research assistance on this project. All remaining errors are the responsibility of the authors.Direct all correspondence to Robin Douthitt, Family Resources and Consumer Science, 1300 Linden Drive, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706. The authors are Associate Professors at the University of Wisconsin, University of Utah, and Utah State University, respectively.     

从传统逻辑到普通逻辑

普通逻辑是传统逻辑主体内容的扩充,其中贯穿着兼容并蓄的大逻辑观,是高等院校文科开设的一门公共基础课,对提高当代大学生的综合素质与能力发挥着重要作用。从"吸收论"的角度坚持普通逻辑的特点和现代化的改革方向,在一定程度上可以代表普通逻辑教学改革的发展方向,对全国高校普通逻辑教学改革与现代化的进程产生着重要影响。     

Time together,time apart: An analysis of wives' solitary time and shared time with spouses

The time spouses spend together in household work activities, leisure activities, and in eating are analyzed and compared with the time spent alone by wives in these same activities. The purpose of the analysis is to distinguish between two hypotheses: (a) that the time spent by spouses together in the same activity is charged with extra meaning when compared with the time spent by the wife alone in the same activity; and (b) that the time spent by spouses together in the same activity is a perfect substitute for time spent alone in the same activity by the wife. Multivariate probit, OLS and Tobit analyses are conducted with data taken from the 1977–78 NE-113 Time-Use Data for Louisiana, New York, Utah, and Wisconsin. Statistical tests confirm the hypothesis that shared times in the three activities studied are charged with extra meaning when compared with wives' solitary time in the same activities. Solitary times spent by the wife in the three activities are negatively related with family income. Solitary time spent by wives in household work activities and in leisure activities are positively related to husband's price of time. Spouses' shared times in these activities rise and wives' solitary times fall on weekends.Thanks are due to Bob Avery, Barbara Brown, Robin Douthitt, Jenny Gerner, Jutta Joesch, Sally Lloyd, Cathy Zick, Peter Zorn, members of S-206 Time-Use Regional Committee, the graduate research workshop of the Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, the seminar participants at Utah State University, and the seminar participants of the Department of Family Economics and Management, University of Missouri for stimulating, cautionary, and corrective discussions pertaining to this paper. Any remaining errors and obscurities are the responsibility of the authors.W. Keith Bryant is Professor, Consumer Economics and Housing, 117D Martha Van Rensselaer Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853. Dr. Bryant received his Ph.D. from Michigan State University. Yan Wang is MacNamara Post-Doctorate Fellow, The World Bank, Washington, DC. She received her Ph.D. from Cornell University.