Jailhouse Islamophobia: Anti-Muslim Discrimination in American Prisons

The post 9/11 surge in America’s Muslim prison population has stirred deep-seated fears, including the specter that American prisons will become a breeding system for “radicalized Islam.” With these fears have come restraints on Muslim religious expression. Mistreatment of Muslim prisoners violates the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act of 2000 (RLUIPA), which Congress passed in part to protect prisoners from religious discrimination. Despite RLUIPA, prisoners still face the same challenge that preceded the legislation. Ironically, while Congress directed courts to apply strict scrutiny to these cases, the courts continue to reject most claims. One reason is that many courts are applying a diluted form of the legal standard. Indeed, the “war on terror” has justified increasing deference to prison administration to the detriment of incarcerated Muslims and religious freedom.

A child's day: trends in time use in the UK from 1975 to 2015

This paper examines change in school‐age children’s (8–16 years) time use in the United Kingdom between 1975 and 2015. Over this period, concerns for children’s safety, technological change, and increased emphasis on success in school are widely argued to have altered children’s daily lives, leading for example to less time outdoors, more time in screen‐based activities, and more time focused on education. Using data from three national time use surveys collected in 1974–5, 2000–01 and 2014–15, this paper explores the extent to which these arguments reflect actual change in how children spend their time throughout the day. The results show that between 1975 and 2015 children increased their time at home, and spent more time in screen‐based activities and doing homework. Decreases in time in out‐of‐home activities were concentrated in time in unstructured play, partially offset by increased time in sport. A decomposition of trends revealed that, despite a narrowing of the gender gap in time in housework, gender remains a significant factor determining many aspects of children’s time use. In contrast, the significance of age declined in most leisure activities, with the exception of screen‐based activities where significant age differences emerged in 2000 and widened further in 2015.     

宅基地使用权物权化探微

《物权法》的颁布确立了宅基地使用权的物权地位,但短短四条的法律条文并未体现出用益物权的应有权利。单一的住房保障价值取向在市场经济的冲击下,已不能满足农村生活的需要。对宅基地使用权物权化的讨论既要考虑其深刻的历史背景,反映宅基地使用权的福利属性;也要重视现实需求,突出宅基地使用权的财产属性。由于宅基地使用权兼具福利和财产双重属性,与传统物权法上的保障特定主体生存利益的人役权和提升土地资产效用的地上权具有相似之处,因此在体现福利属性的初始取得阶段,宅基地使用权应体现人役权特点,在之后的体现财产属性的流转及消灭阶段,应适用地上权规则。     

The impact of VDU use and psychosocial factors at work on musculoskeletal shoulder symptoms among white-collar workers

This investigation of white-collar workers ( n = 201) in Swedish industrial environments focused on an empirical examination of the relationships between work with visual display units (VDUs), psychosocial factors (skill discretion, appraised work load, job satisfaction), physical work load and musculoskeletal shoulder symptoms. This cross-sectional study was based upon questionnaire surveys carried out at industrial companies. The prevalence of shoulder symptoms during the previous year was 39%. Nearly one-half of the participants reported that they used a VDU for at least 4 h/day ('high VDU use'). High VDU use was related to increased Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) for shoulder symptoms. After adjustment for physical work load, significant PORs were found in groups with high VDU use in combination with low job satisfaction (POR = 4.8) or high appraised work load (POR = 3.5), compared to groups with low VDU use in combination with high job satisfaction or low work load (reference groups).     

中国古代农村土地所有权和使用权关系的演变及其现实意义

租佃制度是在土地所有权和使用权分离的前提条件下所产生的一种土地经营制度。租佃制度的发展变化,在很大程度上反映着土地所有权和使用权之间关系的发展演变。本文试图从租佃制度的视角来考察传统中国社会农村土地所有权和使用权之间关系的演进路径,同时对不同租约形式下土地所有权和土地使用权之间的关系进行了经济学分析,进一步地对能为中国当前土地制度改革提供借鉴的历史经验进行了总结。     

The Use of Self from a Relational Perspective

This article explores the implications of a contemporary relational perspective on the use of self in social work practice. The author is responding to an article by Andrea Reupert, who interviewed social workers and reported they tended to see their concept of self as individualistic, autonomous, and only partially defined by others, even though social work practice focuses on person-in-environment. In this article, the author expands the concept of self and argues that a contemporary view of the therapist’s self is one that is dialogic, contextualized, decentered, and multiple. Additionally, the author suggests that this relational perspective has implications for teaching and supervision. Several clinical vignettes are provided to illustrate the concepts under discussion.     

满族"双语"教育教学改革蠡测

满语、满文是满族的重要文化遗产,亦可视为非物质文化遗产。继承满语、满文意义重大,而实行满汉“双语”教育则是继承满语、满文的最有效办法。满汉“双语”教育的可能性是：现有的满族聚居环境,可资利用的满族文化遗存、语言文字成果及可资利用的师资和可资借鉴的经验。满汉“双语”教育的必要条件是：开办满族学校,取得群众和政府的支持。满汉“双语”教育的意义：是保护满族语言、文字的需要,也是保护非物质文化遗产的需要;开发和使用满语、满文是历史研究的需要,也是满族文化研究的需要和满族聚居区社会经济发展的需要。满语、满文的开发和使用也将有利于满族民俗文化的开发和利用。     

Global HIV and AIDS: Calling all Social Work Educators

As the HIV/AIDS global pandemic continues to grow through a third decade, the need for social work educators to prepare social workers in distinct fields of practice with skills to assist those infected with and affected by HIV is of paramount importance. HIV/AIDS holds multi-level and multi-system effects for vulnerable populations. This article features global HIV and AIDS teaching resources beginning with common global practice challenges. Next, five teaching units focus on practice needs and challenges of divergent vulnerable populations including men who have sex with men, women, injecting drug users (IDU), commercial sex workers, and children orphaned by AIDS. Discussion questions, selected readings and electronic resources accompany each unit. The authors close the article with suggested recommendations for content integration into social work courses, and next steps for the profession.     

和谐用水:传统水利规约的当代启示

我国自古就是水资源相对匮乏且时空分布极不均衡的国度,近年来普遍蔓延的旱情造成了巨大的国民经济损失并直接影响到和谐社会的构建.干旱缺水已成为一个跨越区域界限的、全民族必须共同面对和解决的全局性问题,它同时说明单纯依靠刚性的技术变革是无法独立地解决日益严重的水危机的.因此,借鉴高度节水、相互忍让、利益共享、和谐共处的传统用水理念和用水行为,树立水资源统一规划、水资源开发与自然环境和谐相处、建立并强化水忧患意识、树立水资源持续、和谐发展的新型用水观念就成为当前形势下水资源使用和管理重要的路径选择.     

城市农民工阶层的语言使用状况及思考

本文以社会语言学理论为指导，初步考察了目前城市中农民工阶层的语言使用状况，也探讨了与农民工阶层语言生活相联系的一些社会问题，并提出了自己对这些问题的思考和建议。