Estimation of Nonlinear Models in the Presence of Measurement Error*

Techniques used in decision sciences and business research to estimate interactions between latent variables are limited in controlling for measurement error. This article uses a latent structure modeling approach that substantially controls for measurement error in nonlinear relationships. The results of this technique are compared to the results obtained applying hierarchical regression analysis and the impact of measurement error is assessed. The paper provides a unique assessment of the validity of the multi-attribute attitude model. The validity of the multiplicative rule in the model is supported.     

当代陕西青年价值观与社会认知态度的调查研究

青年的价值观支配着青年人的理想、态度、信念和行为,青年的价值观关系到国家未来的前途和命运,关系到社会主义事业建设者和接班人的培养。本文通过对陕西青年进行问卷调查,分析研究了当代陕西青年的价值观与社会认知的特征及影响其形成的因素,进而提出了引导和改善陕西青年价值观的建议。     

Changing Attitudes Toward the Homeless: The Effects of Prosocial Communication With the Homeless

One hundred, thirty-four undergraduate students participated in afield experiment designed to examine the effects of extended, prosocial communication with homeless persons, upon attitudes toward the homeless problem, of behavioral intentions towards the homeless, and of causal attributions about homelessness. It was expected that prosocial interaction with the homeless would produce shifts in attitudes and behavioral intentions toward the homeless and homelessness and result in greater attributions of external causes to explain homelessness. Nineteen experimental participants worked 15 hours at a local homeless shelter. Their responses to a posttestquestionnaire that measured a range of attitudinal and behavioral orientations toward the homeless were compared with control participants who did not work at the shelter. Subsequent analyses furnished strong evidence of positive changes in attitudes and intentions toward homelessness among the shelter workers. These participants evaluated homeless people as less blameworthy and more socially attractive than did control participants; moreover, shelter workers indicated more personal responsibility and behavioral commitment to helping the homeless than control participants. They also perceived the homeless problem to be more serious and were more likely to attribute homelessness to bad luck than control participants. However, the two groups were equally likely to attribute homelessness to various external causes such as the economy, housing costs, and governmental policies. The results are interpreted as having policy implications for volunteer service.     

山东省19-35岁育龄人口优生知识与态度调查

本文通过对山东省19-35岁育龄人口优生知识与态度的调查了解育龄人口优生知识掌握情况与态度取向。研究显示不同性别、不同文化程度、不同地域的人口,优生知识的掌握程度和优生态度有明显差别。     

革命话语遮蔽下的不同节烈观——《我在霞村的时候》与《荷花淀》的比较阅读

丁玲《我在霞村的时候》和孙犁《荷花淀》同是40年代反映抗日战争时期根据地农村妇女在抗战中的表现及命运的重要小说。但二者有许多不同,尤其是两篇作品反映出来的节烈观,虽然在民族解放战争中因和民族气节、政治节操纠缠在一起而具有同样的复杂性,但除去革命话语的遮蔽,可以发现作家对节烈的态度有很大区别。这与作家的性别视角、文化背景、审美旨趣、创作原则以及作品的创作时间均有较大的关系。     

论高阳《胡雪岩全传》的传奇叙事与历史反思

高阳小说《胡雪岩全传》塑造了具有复杂人性的主人公胡雪岩形象,通过胡雪岩暴起暴落的人生历程的展现,广阔地反映了“历史的人”所处的特定时代---其政治经济风云与社会文化、社会生活情状,并努力探索中国商人与商业和中国政治国体、文化传统之间的关系。小说对商业与政治得失成败、对民族命脉盛衰因缘的深沉思考,表现出高阳非凡的史识。     

Scaling unobservable constructs in social science

The use of the logit–probit model for constructing social measurement scales is explored by using two data sets. The first was specifically designed for scaling and consists of answers by 1490 individuals to five questions on economic self-determination. The second is from the Workplace Industrial Relations Survey and relates to answers to six questions addressed to 1005 firms about innovations. It is shown that although scales can be constructed their precision (reliability) is likely to be low. Further, for examples like these, latent class models may give an equally satisfactory account of the data.     

Attitudes towards European Monetary Union in Greece: Antecedents, strength and consequences

The objective of the present study was twofold: First, to examine Greek people's attitudes towards European Monetary Union (EMU) and to explore the antecedents, strength and consequences of these attitudes on intentions to support or oppose the single European currency. Second, and from a more theoretical perspective, to investigate the structure of attitude strength and the effects of strength dimensions on attitude–intention consistency. A total of 644 Greek citizens participated in the study. The findings indicate that Greeks are fairly supportive of the monetary union and are quite optimistic about its consequences. The anticipated outcomes of EMU for Greece and for Europe were found to be significant determinants of attitudes. In addition, attitudes were determined by the strength of national identity and by the more general attitudes towards the membership of Greece in the European Union. On the whole, attitudes were fairly strong and had a substantial relation with intentions. Attitude strength was found to consist of three dimensions: Embeddedness, Conviction and Internal Consistency. Only Conviction and Internal Consistency were found to have a significant moderating effect on the attitude–intention relation. Further, the moderating effect of these factors was interactive, in that either high Conviction or high Internal Consistency sufficed to make an attitude influential.     

小组工作方法介入大学生环境教育的策略研究

为了解大学生的环境意识和环保行为状况,本研究对苏州大学独墅湖校区本科生进行抽样调查,发现当代大学生环境意识和环保行为都有较大的提升空间,但它们之间存在一定程度的断裂。根据大学生的环境意识和环保行为特征,本研究划分出三种主要类型的群体,分别设计出"合作性"、"沟通型"和"辩论型"三种介入策略,并结合不同的小组工作模式,培养和提高大学生的环保素质。     

“媒介代际”刻板印象的形成研究

改革开放以来我国不断发展变迁的大众媒介,对某些社会现象的解读和传播也日益达成一个共识,如“70后”、“80后”、“90后”等一系列代表代际差异的名词划分,使得代际问题从社会现象逐渐发展成为一个学术议题。现有的研究多集中在代际问题的提出、代际特征个性和共性的描述等方面,而代际刻板印象的形成机制探讨,将是今后研究中需要不断完善的部分。研究发现,“80后”被试在外显和内隐态度上出现了分离,被试在外显报告中表现出了对“90后”的积极偏好的显著倾向,在IAT实验中对“70后”的评价要比“90后”更加积极．由此为积极情境线索的反刻板印象想象实验提供了可以降低被试内隐代际刻板印象的IAT效应理论依据。分析代际刻板现象的形成机制可以使我们正确看待青年的社会适应性问题,增进代际间的理解和沟通,消除代际刻板印象和偏见,从而构建有利于青年身心发展的包容性舆论环境。