矛盾凸显期的中国改革问题分析

目前,中国改革已进入了一个非常关键的时期,我们应如何客观公正地评价改革,如何正确面对人们对改革的质疑,如何保证让最广大人民群众共享改革的成果,如何使改革继续深入而健康的进行,等等,这些都是值得我们认真思考和高度重视的问题。      

A Field Study of RFID Deployment and Return Expectations

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology promises to transform supply chain management. Building on previous research in information systems and supply chain management, this paper proposes a theoretical framework for RFID adoption and benefits, and tests the framework using data on u. s. firms. Our analysis suggests that there is a positive association between information technology (IT) application deployment and RFID adoption. We find that RFID implementation spending and partner mandate are associated with an expectation of early return on RFID investment, and a perceived lack of industry‐wide standards is associated with an expectation of delayed return on RFID investment. These results suggest that firms with broad IT application deployment and a critical mass of RFID implementation spending are more likely to report early returns from RFID deployments. This paper extends previous research to understand the relationship between organization characteristics and adoption and expected benefits of the emerging RFID technology.     

深化文化体制改革中“二个三”重要问题探析

我国文化体制改革的全面深化,要在重要领域和关键环节实现新突破,就必须正确处理“二个三”重要问题。一是在政府、市场、文化单位三种力量调处中,要着力促进政府调控、市场调节、单位自主运作的动态谐调;二是在权力、利益、价值三个向度调理中,要着力促进主流价值导向、利益合理调整、权力科学配置的互动协和。“二个三”建构的合力优化为文化科学发展提供强劲而深厚的动力支撑。     

中美贸易的利益分配——基于产出与消费视角的理论经验分析

中美贸易失衡及其所引发的人民币升值问题是近几年来倍受关注的热点问题.客观来看,贸易总量的失衡并不意味着贸易利益分配的失衡.通过对1978 - 2007年中美之间的贸易利益分配的分析及估计发现,中美贸易使双方均获得正的总利益.但是,中国居民从中美贸易中获得了产出利益而损失了消费利益,美国居民则刚好相反,并且在美方贸易逆差不断扩大的时期,美国居民的个人总获益要高于其顺差时期.同时,人民币对美元升值将近乎同等幅度地降低双方的贸易利益.因此,对于美国来说,无视中国经济发展的实际情况,一味要求人民币升值对中美双方都是无益,甚至有害.     

浅析情感故事类节目现状

近几年,情感故事类节目的热播给电视台带来了丰厚的利润和广泛的影响力,也给普通老百姓提供了更能引起兴趣的电视节目。但情感故事类节目一直在刻意回避节目本身存在的诸多问题和矛盾,事实上,只有在积极面对问题的前提下满足受众需求,情感故事类节目才能健康发展。     

来自麦金太尔的道德尺度

当代世界著名的伦理学家麦金太尔指出,现代社会处于传统德性伦理之后,其基本特征就是道德纷乱,这种纷乱的根源就是五花八门的道德概念和理论之间的不可公度性。为了扫清这种纷乱,他提出新的美德概念:美德就是在有益于整个历史传统和整个人生基础上对各种实践的内在利益的追求。这就是评判我们言行是非曲直的道德尺度。     

中国高能耗、高污染产业节能减排的可持续性——兼论新型清洁发展机制

随着环境资源相对稀缺性的增强,中国高能耗、高污染产业可持续地节能减排是降低环境代价、矫正比较利益扭曲的必然要求。相比于传统的行政手段,此类产业在清洁发展机制下与发达国家开展排污权交易,可增强节能减排的内生动力。但目前该机制并不能确保企业将相关资金投入到清洁生产技术的创新与应用中,因而,难以确保企业节能减排能力的提升,而这恰恰是该产业可持续节能减排的关键。倘若清洁发展机制相关资金与清洁生产技术之间的转换渠道不畅,甚至可能导致相关主体单纯追逐收益的新的市场失灵。此类产业在参与清洁发展机制的过程中,与节能减排专业化主体开展分工合作,则可疏通转换渠道,提升此类产业节能减排的能力。在此基础上,引入行业协会或企业联盟以及发挥政府引导的独特作用,有利于降低相关交易成本,从而构建以多重激励相容为特征的新型清洁发展机制,促进此类产业节能减排的效率提升与可持续性。     

Financial Incentives and Job‐search Training: Methods to Increase Labour Market Integration in Contemporary Welfare States?

In their efforts to increase labour market integration, contemporary welfare states emphasize the importance of financial incentives, active job‐searching and participation in labour market programmes. However, the effects of these policies have been minor and in some cases even inconsistent. The aim of this study was to examine whether and how financial incentives and job‐search training programmes increase re‐employment and the quality of re‐employment. A total of 1,015 unemployed persons participated in a Finnish follow‐up study with a randomized experimental design. Although no overall impact of job‐search training on re‐employment emerged, a positive effect was found for those groups of the unemployed who had a financial incentive to participate in the programme. Nevertheless, among unemployed workers with benefits at a minimum level there were no positive effects on the quality of re‐employment, and the impact decreased when unemployment was prolonged. Financial incentives and job‐search training appear to increase re‐employment among those of the unemployed who generally have better chances on the labour market, whereas these measures are not sufficient for the more disadvantaged groups of the unemployed.     

增加值视角下的中国服务出口贸易利益分析

本文基于2016版WIOD①数据库,从贸易增加值视角对中国服务出口贸易利益进行重新测算,并与传统统计方法计算的服务出口贸易利益进行比较.研究结果表明:(1)从贸易增加值视角看,中国服务出口占总出口比重近40％,服务贸易在对外贸易中的地位逐渐提高,但还存在进一步提升的空间;劳动密集型服务业是中国服务出口的主导行业;除汽车、摩托车外的批发贸易,除保险、养老基金外的金融服务,陆路运输和管道运输业,法律、会计及管理咨询服务占中国服务出口总额比重约为60％,服务出口结构失调.(2)传统统计方法计算的服务出口贸易利益小于贸易增加值核算法计算的服务出口贸易利益,同时传统统计方法高估了劳动密集型服务业在中国服务出口中的重要性,低估了资本密集型和知识密集型服务业在中国服务出口中的重要性.     

Informal waste harvesting in Victoria Falls town, Zimbabwe: Socio-economic benefits

Waste harvesting, which occurs mostly but not exclusively at open waste dumps in Zimbabwe, constitutes one of the most important survival options for the urban poor. This paper analyses and discusses socio-economic benefits of informal waste harvesters in Victoria Falls town. Victoria Falls town has an estimated population of 31,000 and is presently the fastest growing urban centre in Zimbabwe. An estimated 8000 tonnes of solid wastes are generated in the town every month. Questionnaires were administered to informal waste harvesters who recover materials mostly from three large open waste dumps. Thirteen dumpsite harvesters, who were available at the time of the survey and willing to participate, were interviewed during the month of October 2002. The questionnaire solicited for information on the character and dynamics of recuperative activities in the town, socio-economic and demographic characteristics of waste harvesters, type of materials recovered and their uses, and income derived from sale of harvested materials and how it is spent. Additional data were obtained from field observations.The study identified two categories of waste harvesters. The first group specialises in the recovery of foodstuffs mainly for household use. The second group comprises informal waste harvesters who specialise in the recovery of building materials such as bricks and river sand and scrap metal primarily for sale. Data provided by dumpsite waste harvesters interviewed show that the mean monthly income from the sale of harvested materials varied from Z$7500 (for 23.1% of the respondents) to Z$22,500.5 (for 15.3% of the respondents). Using the income they obtain from waste harvesting, most respondents (84.6%) indicated that they can now afford to pay school fees for their children in time while 61.5% stated that after engaging in resource recovery, they moved from informal settlements to Chinotimba where they now stay to a more decent accommodation with electricity, piped water and flush toilets. Prior to engaging in waste recovery, over a half of the informal waste harvesters indicated that were staying in informal settlements. The findings of this study, in particular the income and expenditure data, demonstrate that by engaging in waste harvesting, some of the urban poor are able to eke out living in an urban environment where economic opportunities are very limited. However, the contribution of informal waste harvesting to urban livelihoods in urban areas of Zimbabwe needs further investigation.