试论审计抽样的统计学原理——属性抽样

本文以审计实质重于统计方法的观点,研究统计抽样原理如何适从审计实务的要求,实现两个学科理论的输出和引进的科学对接。     

Content Audit for p-value Principles in Introductory Statistics

ABSTRACT

Longstanding concerns with the role and interpretation of p-values in statistical practice prompted the American Statistical Association (ASA) to make a statement on p-values. The ASA statement spurred a flurry of responses and discussions by statisticians, with many wondering about the steps necessary to expand the adoption of these principles. Introductory statistics classrooms are key locations to introduce and emphasize the nuance related to p-values; in part because they engrain appropriate analysis choices at the earliest stages of statistics education, and also because they reach the broadest group of students. We propose a framework for statistics departments to conduct a content audit for p-value principles in their introductory curriculum. We then discuss the process and results from applying this course audit framework within our own statistics department. We also recommend meeting with client departments as a complement to the course audit. Discussions about analyses and practices common to particular fields can help to evaluate if our service courses are meeting the needs of client departments and to identify what is needed in our introductory courses to combat the misunderstanding and future misuse of p-values.     

Integrating Environmental Issues into Social Work Practice: Lessons Learnt from Domestic Energy Auditing

Abstract

This study of domestic energy audit practice draws on current literature and focuses on a program at Kildonan UnitingCare. It explores and highlights the relevance of natural environmental issues for social work practice and includes practical ideas for addressing financial, social, and environmental issues within case work practice and advocacy. The overlap between energy audit and social work practice is said to apply to both service user issues and the professional skill base of social workers. Finally, a transformation in social work thinking practice and education is suggested, within a vision that is community focused and holistically integrated.     

Teaching Quality Audit

This paper comments briefly on the experience of the Teaching Quality Audit (social policy) organized by the Higher Educational Funding Council (UK), from the point of view of those who were audited. It is an impressionistic account rather than a survey report. It concludes with recommendations as to hew the operation of Teaching Quality Audit might be rendered more efficient, effective, equitable and credible.     

审计师关注客户所在地区社会信任水平吗? ——基于Pecking Order模型的研究

文章利用CGSS调查数据度量客户所在地区的社会信任水平,进而考察其对审计师决策的影响。文章首先分别考察了社会信任水平与审计定价、出具非标审计意见的倾向、审计师变更之间的关系,结果发现,公司所在地区的社会信任水平与审计定价、审计师变更均呈显著负向关系,表明审计师会对位于高社会信任地区的客户收取更低的审计费用、审计契约更为稳定,但社会信任与审计师出具非标意见的倾向之间没有显著关联。有序Logistic检验结果表明,在审计定价和审计师变更决策之间,审计师存在优先选择次序:对于低社会信任地区客户,他们会优先通过提高审计收费的手段来控制相关风险。只有在风险超出其承受力、不能通过提高审计费用来控制时,才会放弃客户。此外,文章还发现,地区法治水平能够缓解社会信任对审计师决策的影响。这一研究有助于加深社会信任与审计师决策之间关系的理解,并有助于理解审计师的风险管理策略。     

上市公司董事会治理效果与财务信息披露质量——一项基于深圳证券交易所的实证研究

文章以2003-2007年五年间深交所2857家上市公司为研究样本,采用LOGISTC回归分析方法,从董事会治理的角度,选择董事会规模、独立性、权力结构和行为模式四个特征,探讨它们与信息披露质量之间的关系。实证结果表明：董事会的规模和独立性对公司信息披露质量有积极的作用,董事会的规模越大,独立性越强,就会抑制内部人控制,从而提高信息披露的质量;而两职合一对我国上市公司的信息披露质量造成显著不利影响;实证结果没有发现审计委员会的设立有利于提高公司信息质量,这似乎说明审计委员会制度尚待加大执行力度。     

Territoires professionnels en question. L’exemple des comptables et réviseurs au Proche-Orient, une comparaison Liban-Jordanie

In Lebanon as in Jordan, the accountancy profession is faced with major regulatory and institutional reforms owing to policies of economic liberalization, which open markets and try to attract foreign investments. Light is shed on both the issues underlying resistance to these reforms and the conflicts that have flared up. By pointing out similarities and variations in the definition of this profession and of its boundaries, we notice: the weight of history and of institutional and political factors; the convergence owing to the globalization of markets; and national responses to changes determined by factors and pressures that are mostly supranational. This can help us better understand conditions under which a profession is constructed in quite different contexts.     

现代企业制度下的企业内部审计

建立科学的企业内部审计制度是现代企业自身发展的客观需要。我国从上世纪80年代开始引入企业内部审计制度,经过20余年的发展历程,已取得一定的成效,但在实际经济运作中还存在着不少问题,许多措施未到位,影响着企业乃至整个国民经济的健康发展。有鉴于此,笔者提出必须重新认识我国企业内部审计的职能作用,并就如何改进我国企业内部审计进行探讨。     

Benford’s Law: an instrument for selecting tax audit targets?

We consider whether Benford’s Law can be used to improve target selection prior to the start of on-site tax audits, thus increasing effectiveness and efficiency of fiscal enforcement. Laboratory experiments are conducted to obtain manipulated data and compare these to data which are known to be unmanipulated. We find that Benford’s Law can be used as a tool for audit selection, but that auditors must be cautious to ensure that Benford’s Law can be expected to apply to unmanipulated data of the prospective audit target. We also find that subjects cannot adapt sufficiently to Benford’s Law during tax fraud activity.

中国上市公司审计委员会治理效率的实证研究

国外机构以及相关学者的研究认为,审计委员会应在监督财务报告、管理内部审计、审核内部控制制度等方面发挥作用,中国证监会还特别强调除此以外的对公司重大关联交易事项的审计。本文以对中国上市公司审计委员会的调查为依据,对审计委员会的治理效率进行了系统的实证观察。结果显示,我国上市公司审计委员会在维护信息披露的质量方面起到了一定的积极作用;但在防止上市公司财务舞弊、维护关联交易的规范性以及确保上市公司财务安全性等方面没有发挥显著作用。目前上市公司审计委员会的设置是外部制度约束的结果。